全瓷冠会后悔吗？缺点有哪些？把网络上的抱怨，一类一类对回文献｜證據鏈

全瓷冠会后悔吗？缺点有哪些？把网络上的抱怨，一类一类对回文献｜證據鏈

F-Units（事实单元帐）

每条标明来源、confidence、basis、期间、geo 与 caveat。basis 阶梯：law ＞ official_statement ＞ clinical_guideline ＞ peer_reviewed ＞ textbook。

• F1｜confidence: high｜basis: internal_dataset（S24，非医学宣称）｜period: GSC 保留窗（2025-03-22 起）｜geo: TW｜本题选题依据＝14 诊所站搜索资料对帐，4 词项、跨 3 站，逐笔可对帐｜caveat: 内部数据，发布时不进可见层。
• F2｜confidence: n/a｜basis: 结构性整理（编辑框架，S25，非事实宣称）｜geo: universal｜下列皆为本站编辑定义的说明结构，非外部事实：①「不引用也不否定论坛帖子、改对照文献类别」的处理原则 ②本卡与牙冠费用卡（KM-DENTAL-11）的 canonical 边界（材质存留率与报价拆项归该卡，缺点与落差归本卡）③五类缺点的分类与排序 ④「保固与崩瓷处理属医病约定事项、应取得书面」之就医沟通建议 ⑤禁写「挑对医师就不会后悔」类结果承诺之编辑规则。
• F3｜confidence: n/a｜basis: 证据缺口声明（editorial，非待验）｜geo: universal｜本次检索未取得可引用证据，故本卡不写：①任何金额、区间或行情 ②全瓷冠可使用年限的个人预测 ③台湾本土的全瓷冠并发症或存活统计 ④「哪一种材质对某个人比较好」的个别建议 ⑤保固条款的内容与效力（属契约约定，非医学问题，本站不提供法律见解）⑥各类并发症的绝对发生率（现有回顾多以相对风险、区间或叙述性清单呈现，本卡不自行换算）。
• F4｜confidence: medium｜basis: peer_reviewed（overview / summary of systematic reviews，PMID 34119611）｜period: 检索至 2021-02，2021 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「38 eligible articles published between 2006 and 2021 were included. The reviews were based on 128 in vivo studies on approximately 10,000 zirconia restorations.」「Chipping was the most often technical complication, followed by framework fracture, loss of retention, marginal discrepancies/discoloration, occlusal roughness and abutment/screw loosening. Color mismatch was the only esthetic complication. Biological complications were caries, endodontic complications, tooth fracture, periodontal disease, abrasion/attrition, persisting pain, high sensitivity…」「The predominant technical problem of veneering fractures could be overcome with adapted design or fabrication and application of monolithic restorations, but reviews of clinical studies on this subject are rare.」「The impact of zirconia restorations on the masticatory system remains unclear.」｜caveat: 综览对象为系统综述而非原始研究；并发症为依出现频率排序之清单，非发生率估计，正文未将其读成比例。本篇同时涵盖牙支撑与植体支撑修复体，本卡仅取牙支撑相关之并发症类别。版本时效查核（2026-08-06）：以 umbrella review／overview of systematic reviews ＋ zirconia 检索 2022–2026 刊期，取回之较新综览主题为植体、锆基台、黏著面处理与全弓赝复，未见取代本篇之牙支撑氧化锆修复体综览。
• F5｜confidence: medium｜basis: peer_reviewed（systematic review・meta-analysis，PMID 35660957）｜period: 2022 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Fifty-two studies were included and most of them had unclear risk of bias. Considering all reported fractures/chipping, for veneered crowns with 1 to 3 years of follow-up, the relative risk (RR) of fracture in relation to loss or retention was 3.95 (95% CI 1.18-13.23; p = 0.03). For 4 to 6 years of follow-up, the RR was 5.44 (95% CI 1.41-20.92; p = 0.01).」「When only framework fractures were considered, there were no significant differences for the RR in all follow-up periods (p > 0.05).」「there is approximately four times higher chance of fracture/chipping than loss of retention for both single and multi-unit tooth-supported veneered zirconia restorations.」｜caveat: 关键口径——RR 比较的是两种失败型态（断裂或崩瓷 vs 失去固位）之间的相对风险，不是崩瓷的绝对发生率，正文已明写此限制。人群限定为外饰式氧化锆，不含单体式。多数纳入研究偏误风险不明。
• F6｜confidence: medium｜basis: peer_reviewed（systematic review・meta-analysis，PMID 34615842）｜period: 2022 刊出（2021-10 在线预发表）｜geo: universal｜span: 「From nine articles included, there was a total of 594 participants and 1657 single-tooth restorations with a mean exposure time of 1.07 years, and follow-up period between 0.3 and 2.1 years.」「There was high heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 93.74% and Q = 79.672).」｜caveat: 本卡仅取其样本规模与随访长度作为「单体式氧化锆临床资料仍短」之依据，未引用其存留率区间（该区间之上缘与 KM-DENTAL-11 之材质数据属同族内容，依分工不在本卡重写）。
• F7｜confidence: medium｜basis: peer_reviewed（systematic review，PMID 42008751）｜period: 检索 2012–2023 文献，2026 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Crown preparation leads to irreversible dental tissue loss, which affects long-term restoration success.」「Twenty-three studies were included. Six studies directly quantified tooth-structure removal or residual dentin thickness using gravimetric analysis, micro-CT, digital volumetric analysis, or related methods.」｜caveat: 该回顾主题为垂直式与水平式预备技术之齿质保存比较，纳入临床、体外与叙述性文献，其 PROSPERO 注册为回溯性登录；本卡仅取其对「牙冠预备造成不可逆齿质丧失」之陈述，未引用任何预备技术之优劣结论，亦未将其读成对特定术式的推荐。
• F8｜confidence: medium｜basis: peer_reviewed（systematic review・network meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials，PMID 38211687）｜period: 2024 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Eligibility criteria included clinical studies reporting on MVL on antagonist's tooth up to 24 months following the permanent crown placement. From a total of 5697 articles, 7 studies reporting on 261 crowns for 177 subjects with 3 ceramic materials (Lithium disilicate, metal-ceramic, monolithic zirconia) were included. Among all, metal-ceramic and zirconia caused significantly higher enamel tooth wear on antagonist teeth, representing 82.5 µm [54.4; 110.6]) and 40.1 µm [22.2; 58.0]) more MVL than natural teeth group. In contrast, lithium disilicate showed only 5.0 µm [-48.2; 58.1]) more MVL than occurs on opposing natural teeth.」｜caveat: 随访上限 24 个月、仅 7 项研究，作者自陈样本数与研究数不足、需更多同质性随机对照试验；数值为对颌牙平均垂直高度丧失（MVL）与天然牙对颌组之差，非牙冠本身磨耗。与 F9 对材料排序不一致，正文已并陈。
• F9｜confidence: medium｜basis: peer_reviewed（systematic review・meta-analysis，PMID 41590161）｜period: 检索至 2025-09，2026 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Nine clinical studies (5 randomized controlled trials and 4 prospective studies) involving 203 patients (2015-2025) were included.」「Follow-up ranged from 6 to 24 months.」「Meta-analysis revealed significant enamel wear from zirconia (p < 0.05; MD: -1.32; 95% CI: -2.06 to -0.57; I2 = 94%) and lithium disilicate (p < 0.05; MD: -0.45; 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.19; I2 = 2%). Feldspathic ceramics did not show significant enamel wear (p = 0.06; MD: -2.77; 95% CI: -5.66 to 0.13; I2 = 96%).」「Ceramic materials generally cause greater wear on opposing posterior natural enamel than enamel-to-enamel contact. Monolithic zirconia and lithium disilicate crowns produced higher antagonist wear, whereas metal-ceramic restorations with feldspathic veneering appeared more conservative for preserving posterior enamel.」｜caveat: 摘要未标明 MD 之计量单位，故本卡仅引用其 I² 与结论方向，不引用 MD 数值（避免单位不明造成误读）；氧化锆组异质性极高（I² 94%）。本篇与 F8 对材料排序结论相反，正文据实并陈、未择一采信。
• F10｜confidence: low｜basis: peer_reviewed（前瞻性临床研究，非系统综述，PMID 42536234）｜period: 36 个月随访，2026 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Out of thirty-two patients, each provided with one 5 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia crown on a natural tooth, ten met the inclusion criteria.」「The mean maximum vertical loss for the antagonist teeth to the zirconia crowns was 216 µm (SD ± 113 µm).」「The zirconia crowns exhibited 38 µm (SD ± 14 µm).」「The monolithic zirconia crowns induced approximately twice the amount of wear on opposing enamel compared with natural tooth contacts.」「After three years, the monolithic zirconia crowns caused significantly greater antagonist enamel wear than natural enamel contacts, yet the wear was comparable to that observed for other dental ceramic materials.」｜caveat: 单一中心、纳入分析仅 10 人，证据等级低于 F8、F9，本卡仅用于补「随访到 3 年」的时间轴，未用于材料排序；该文利益冲突声明载有多位作者与牙材厂商之顾问、演讲与第三方研究资助关系。
• F11｜confidence: medium｜basis: peer_reviewed（systematic review・meta-analysis，PMID 28967401）｜period: 2018 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Eight studies were included for qualitative synthesis, but only 5 for the meta-analysis. Three studies were categorized as moderate risk and 5 as high risk of bias.」「Increased hazard ratio (HR=7.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.50 to 23.95) and odds ratio (OR=2.52; 95% CI=1.24 to 5.12) were observed considering only anterior ceramic veneers.」「Nevertheless, limited data from the meta-analysis and from the restricted number of included studies suggested that differences in the overall odds of failure concerning SB and other types of ceramic restorations did not favor or disfavor any association (OR=1.10; 95% CI=0.43 to 2.8).」「The overall quality of evidence was considered very low according to the GRADE criteria.」「Within the limitations of this systematic review, the overall result from the meta-analysis did not favor any association between SB and increased odds of failure for ceramic restorations.」｜caveat: 关键人群限定——HR 7.74 与 OR 2.52 仅适用于前牙陶瓷贴片次群组，不可外推至全瓷冠，正文已明写；整体证据品质 GRADE 极低。版本时效查核（2026-08-06）：以睡眠磨牙＋陶瓷修复体检索 2018–2026 刊期，未见取代本篇的同题系统综述，较新的直接证据为 F12 之临床试验。
• F12｜confidence: medium｜basis: peer_reviewed（prospective clinical study，材料随机分派，PMID 41967567）｜period: 3 年随访，2026 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「In this prospective clinical study, 109 patients requiring a single molar crown were assessed for SB using a structured questionnaire, clinical examination, and a portable electromyography device (BruxOff).」「Based on SB status and randomized crown material allocation, patients were assigned to four groups: LiDi-SB (n = 27), LiDi-no SB (n = 21), Zir-SB (n = 21), and Zir-no SB (n = 24). Protective occlusal guards were not permitted.」「No technical complications occurred in any group.」「Success rates were 81.5% for LiDi-SB and 95.2% for LiDi-no SB (95% CI difference: -0.3590 to 0.1450; p = 0.211), and 85.7% for Zir-SB and 95.8% for Zir-no SB (95% CI difference: -0.3390 to 0.1530; p = 0.326).」「sleep bruxism showed no detectable impact on the incidence of technical complications or on the survival and success of monolithic LiDi or Zir molar crowns.」｜caveat: 随机化的是牙冠材料，睡眠磨牙与否为观察分组（无法随机分派）；每组 21 至 27 人、随访 3 年，未达显著不等于无差异（成功率数值上睡眠磨牙组较低）；试验设计不允许使用护牙套，故不可读成「使用或不使用咬合板」的比较。人群限定为单颗臼齿单体式牙冠。
• F13｜confidence: medium｜basis: peer_reviewed（evidence-based dentistry commentary，PMID 42323516）｜period: 2026 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Survival was defined as restoration remaining in situ without replacement. Success is defined as restoration without biological or technical complications.」「No statistically significant differences were observed between SB and non-SB patients or between lithium disilicate and zirconia crowns.」｜caveat: 属对 F12 试验的评论文，非独立原始研究，本卡仅用其对结果定义与统计结论的复述，未引用其临床建议。
• F14｜confidence: medium｜basis: peer_reviewed（systematic review・meta-analysis，观察性研究，PMID 34516686）｜period: 检索至 2021-01，2022 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Electronic searches provided 10,075 records among which 20 studies were selected for systematic review and 7 studies were selected for meta-analysis.」「The meta-analysis revealed clinical and radiographic success rate ranging between 92% to 98% at different follow up periods ranging between 5 years and 20 years.」「Future high-quality randomized clinical controlled trials with a larger population are required to confirm the evidence as only observational studies were considered in this paper.」｜caveat: 仅纳入观察性研究、异质性高；成功率之定义为牙髓与根尖状态，非牙冠本身存活；人群为固定假牙之活髓基座牙（含单冠与牙桥），与 KM-DENTAL-11 同锚。
• F15｜confidence: high｜basis: clinical_guideline（2017 World Workshop 委托之叙述性回顾，PMID 29926939）｜period: 2018 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Placement of restoration margins within the junctional epithelium and supracrestal connective tissue attachment can be associated with gingival inflammation and, potentially, recession.」「Restoration margins located within the gingival sulcus do not cause gingivitis if patients are compliant with self-performed plaque control and periodic maintenance.」「Hypersensitivity reactions can occur to dental materials.」｜caveat: 叙述性回顾（narrative review），非荟萃分析；与 KM-DENTAL-11、KM-DENTAL-23 同锚。
• F16｜confidence: high｜basis: peer_reviewed（systematic review・meta-analysis，PMID 41489982）｜period: 检索窗 2014–2024，2026 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Lithium-disilicate and zirconia-based all-ceramic SCs achieve five-year survival rates comparable to metal-ceramic crowns.」｜caveat: 本卡仅取其总结论作一句摘述，各材质分项五年存留率之完整数据为 KM-DENTAL-11 之 canonical 内容，依分工不在本卡重写；人群层级估计，不可外推为个人预后。
• F17｜confidence: medium｜basis: peer_reviewed（overview of systematic reviews，PMID 40750081）｜period: 检索更新至 2025-02，2025 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「However, substantial methodological heterogeneity, limited long-term data (>5 years), and a concentration of studies on a single product」「practitioners should communicate both the well-documented short- to medium-term benefits and the remaining uncertainties regarding long-term performance」｜caveat: 综览对象为系统综述而非原始研究；本卡仅用其方法学限制与沟通建议之结论，未引用其存留率数值（同 KM-DENTAL-11 之处理）。
• F18｜confidence: medium｜basis: peer_reviewed（systematic review・meta-analysis，PMID 41100150）｜period: 检索 1999 至 2025-03，2025 线上刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「The meta-analysis of two clinical studies on 277 endocrowns and 246 crowns followed for 7 years demonstrated that the pooled risk ratio for success rate was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.69-1.27, P = 0.66), showing no significant difference in outcomes.」「Endocrowns demonstrate comparable clinical performance to conventional crowns for structurally compromised posterior teeth with or without post and cores.」｜caveat: 仅 5 篇临床研究符合资格、4 篇进荟萃分析，作者明言研究数少且异质性高、需更多标准化试验；人群限定为结构受损之后牙。在线预发表版（online ahead of print），页码未定。
• F19｜confidence: medium｜basis: peer_reviewed（systematic review・meta-analysis of RCTs，PMID 39558793）｜period: 检索至 2024-02，2025 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Six RCTs were included. Resin matrix ceramic (RMC) and lithium disilicate (LDS) restorations had a 3-year survival rate of 89.3% (95% CI 76.4-95.3) and 93.7% (95% CI 83.7-97.7), respectively」「The long-term performance of posterior PCRs is uncertain.」｜caveat: 人群限定为后牙大范围缺损之部分覆盖式修复（onlay、咬合面贴片、部分冠），非全冠对照；仅 6 项随机对照试验、随访 1 至 3 年，长期表现未定。全冠与 onlay 之比较数据在 KM-DENTAL-11。
• F20｜confidence: high｜basis: law（S20）｜period: 现行条文（2026-08-06 实测 HTTP 200，逐字对得上）｜geo: TW｜医疗法第 21 条。逐字条文：医疗机构收取医疗费用之标准，由直辖市、县（市）主管机关核定之。
• F21｜confidence: high｜basis: law（S21）｜period: 现行条文（2026-08-06 实测 HTTP 200，逐字对得上）｜geo: TW｜医疗法第 81 条。逐字条文：医疗机构诊治病人时，应向病人或其法定代理人、配偶、亲属或关系人告知其病情、治疗方针、处置、用药、预后情形及可能之不良反应。
• F22｜confidence: high｜basis: law（S22）｜period: 现行条文（2026-08-06 实测 HTTP 200，逐字对得上）｜geo: TW｜医疗法第 87 条第 2 项。逐字条文：医学新知或研究报告之发表、病人卫生教育、学术性刊物，未涉及招徕医疗业务者，不视为医疗广告。本条为本卡合规注记之定位依据。
• F23｜confidence: high｜basis: law（S23）｜period: 现行条文（2026-08-06 实测 HTTP 200，逐字对得上）｜geo: TW｜全民健康保险法第 51 条第 11 款。逐字条文：義齒、義眼、眼鏡、助聽器、輪椅、拐杖及其他非具積極治療性之裝具。
• F24｜confidence: high｜basis: official_statement（S18，跨卡已验事实，同锚）｜period: 2026-08-05 以 ego-browser 实测（OP 复验）｜geo: TW｜健保署醫材比價網两个查询轨之品项分类皆不含牙科，页面全文无「牙」字。caveat: 本卡未重复实测，沿用 km-compliance/VERIFIED-FACTS.md 之纪录；官方资料库可能更新，引用时请注明查证日期。
• F25｜confidence: high｜basis: official_statement（S19，跨卡已验事实，同锚）｜period: 1090117 核定；页面 2026-08-06 由 KM-DENTAL-11 以 ego-browser 实测可达｜geo: TW｜县市卫生主管机关公告牙科收费标准之已验例证＝台北市政府卫生局「臺北市醫療機構牙科收費標準表」(1090117核定)。caveat: 本卡未重复实测，仅一县市例证，其他县市各自公告；本卡不引用其中任何金额。

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合规注记

本文为卫生教育资讯（医疗法 87 条）[F22]，非医疗广告，不推荐特定院所，且不提供任何金额或价格区间。全瓷冠治疗涉及不可逆的齿质修磨，具医疗风险与禁忌症，可能出现崩瓷、底冠断裂、失去固位、边缘密合度不良或变色、对颌牙珐琅质磨耗、二次蛀牙、牙髓症状与牙龈反应等情形；实际治疗方式与效果因人而异，须由牙医师评估。本卡整理的判断因素供就医沟通使用，不能取代临床诊断；本文亦不对任何院所的处置作评价，不提供保险理赔或契约条款之法律见解，相关问题依保单与契约条款而定。

来源清单

• S1 Laumbacher H, Strasser T, Knüttel H, Rosentritt M. Long-term clinical performance and complications of zirconia-based tooth- and implant-supported fixed prosthodontic restorations: A summary of systematic reviews. J Dent. 2021;111:103723. PMID 34119611. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34119611（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要逐字对得上）
• S2 Gonzaga CC, Garcia PP, Wambier LM, Prochnow FHO, Madeira L, Cesar PF. Do tooth-supported zirconia restorations present more technical failures related to fracture or loss of retention? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2022;26(8):5129-5142. PMID 35660957. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35660957（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要逐字对得上）
• S3 Leitão CIMB, Fernandes GVO, Azevedo LPP, Araújo FM, Donato H, Correia ARM. Clinical performance of monolithic CAD/CAM tooth-supported zirconia restorations: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthodont Res. 2022;66(3):374-384. PMID 34615842. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34615842（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要逐字对得上）
• S4 Florescu ML, Arrien-Barrenetxea G, Fiorillo L, et al. Preservation of Dental Structure in Prosthetic Restorations: Vertical and Horizontal Preparation Techniques. Systematic Review. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2026;12(2):e70360. PMID 42008751. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42008751（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要逐字对得上）
• S5 Mao Z, Beuer F, Hey J, Schmidt F, Sorensen JA, Prause E. Antagonist enamel tooth wear produced by different dental ceramic systems: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. J Dent. 2024;142:104832. PMID 38211687. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38211687（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要逐字对得上）
• S6 Rosa CDDRD, Bento VAA, Duarte ND, et al. Comparative Wear of Opposing Natural Enamel by Different Ceramic Materials in Fixed Dental Protheses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dent J (Basel). 2026;14(1):37. PMID 41590161. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41590161（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要逐字对得上）
• S7 Rygol J, Raith S, Wolfart S, et al. Thirty-six months in vivo wear of enamel antagonists to monolithic zirconia crowns. Clin Oral Investig. 2026;30(8):369. PMID 42536234. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42536234（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要逐字对得上）
• S8 de Souza Melo G, Batistella EÂ, Bertazzo-Silveira E, et al. Association of sleep bruxism with ceramic restoration failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;119(3):354-362. PMID 28967401. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28967401（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要逐字对得上）
• S9 Bömicke W, Schmitter M, Waldecker M, et al. Ceramic crowns and sleep bruxism: 3-year results of a randomized controlled trial. J Dent. 2026;170:106691. PMID 41967567. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41967567（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要逐字对得上；ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03039985）
• S10 Khalid A, Al-Jewair T. Do sleep bruxism patients experience higher complication or failure rates with monolithic lithium disilicate or zirconia molar crowns? Evid Based Dent. 2026 Jun 20. PMID 42323516. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42323516（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要逐字对得上）
• S11 Kohli S, Bhatia S, Al-Haddad A, Pulikkotil SJ, Jamayet NB. Pulpal and Periapical Status of the Vital Teeth Used as Abutment for Fixed Prosthesis-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Prosthodont. 2022;31(2):102-114. PMID 34516686. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34516686（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要逐字对得上）
• S12 Ercoli C, Caton JG. Dental prostheses and tooth-related factors. J Periodontol. 2018;89 Suppl 1:S223-S236. PMID 29926939. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29926939（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要逐字对得上）
• S13 Pjetursson BE, Pitta J, Balet A, et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Evaluating the Survival, Failure, and Complication Rates of Metal-Ceramic, Veneered, and Monolithic All-Ceramic Tooth-Supported Single Crowns-Part 1. Int J Prosthodont. 2026;39(3):308-324. PMID 41489982. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41489982（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要逐字对得上；本卡仅取结论一句，完整数据在 KM-DENTAL-11）
• S14 Laumbacher H, Scholz KJ, Knüttel H, Rosentritt M. Clinical outcomes and complications of tooth- and implant-supported lithium (di)silicate based single crowns: an overview of systematic reviews. J Dent. 2025;162:106004. PMID 40750081. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40750081（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要逐字对得上）
• S15 Niakou A, Stratos A, Pissadakis M, et al. Complications and Survival Rates of Endocrowns vs. Crowns: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Prosthodont. 2025 Oct 16 (online ahead of print). PMID 41100150. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41100150（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要逐字对得上）
• S16 Prott LS, Pieralli S, Klein P, et al. Survival and Complications of Partial Coverage Restorations on Posterior Teeth-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2025;37(3):620-641. PMID 39558793. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39558793（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要逐字对得上）
• S17 保留编号（本卡文献检索过程中列为候选但未采用之来源，未进入任何事实宣称）。
• S18 卫生福利部中央健康保险署醫材比價網两查询轨之品项分类（跨卡已验事实，同锚）。info.nhi.gov.tw INAE2000/INAE2010S01（2026-08-05 由 KM-DENTAL-03 卡以 ego-browser 实测并经 OP 复验，纪录见 km-compliance/VERIFIED-FACTS.md；本卡未重复实测）
• S19 台北市政府卫生局－收费标准：「臺北市醫療機構牙科收費標準表」(1090117核定)（跨卡已验事实，同锚）。health.gov.taipei 收费标准页（2026-08-06 由 KM-DENTAL-11 以 ego-browser 实测可达，页面标题逐字对得上；本卡未重复实测）
• S20 医疗法 第 21 条（全国法规资料库）。law.moj.gov.tw pcode=L0020021 flno=21（取用 2026-08-06，HTTP 200，条文逐字对得上）
• S21 医疗法 第 81 条（全国法规资料库）。law.moj.gov.tw pcode=L0020021 flno=81（取用 2026-08-06，HTTP 200，条文逐字对得上）
• S22 医疗法 第 87 条（全国法规资料库）。law.moj.gov.tw pcode=L0020021 flno=87（取用 2026-08-06，HTTP 200，第 2 项逐字对得上）
• S23 全民健康保险法 第 51 条（全国法规资料库）。law.moj.gov.tw pcode=L0060001 flno=51（取用 2026-08-06，HTTP 200，第 11 款逐字对得上）
• S24 内部资料：`analysis/reports/km-dental-backlog.md` 第 37 题附录（14 诊所站 GSC 全量，资料窗 2025-03～2026-08），4 词项跨 3 站，逐笔可对帐。非医学事实 basis，仅为选题依据，发布时不进可见层。
• S25 编辑框架（无外部来源）：本卡的五类缺点分类、与牙冠费用卡的分工边界、论坛帖子处理原则、禁写结果承诺之编辑规则，见 F2、F3。

内部引用链

• 同族 canonical 卡（必读）：做一颗牙冠（假牙牙套）要多少钱？先看懂报价单（KM-DENTAL-11，草稿）。两卡的 canonical 边界：归该卡的是——各材质单冠五年存留率的完整分项、环箍与剩余齿质的预后因素、全冠与 onlay 的存留率比较、单颗牙冠报价的六块拆项与查证管道；归本卡的是——缺点与并发症的类型学、对颌牙珐琅质磨耗、不可逆修磨的证据、磨牙者的证据现况、期待落差。本卡在材质数据上只留一句摘述并指向该卡，不重写；两卡共用 F14（PMID 34516686）、F15（PMID 29926939）、F16（PMID 41489982）、F17（PMID 40750081）四条文献锚，英文 span 依引用级要求逐字一致。
• 名词分流卡：假牙牙套（牙冠）是什么？缺牙可以做牙套吗？（KM-DENTAL-23，草稿）。如果你其实还不确定自己要做的是牙冠、牙桥还是植体支撑的假牙，请从该卡开始；本卡假设你已经被建议做全瓷冠。
• 同型口碑卡：植牙会后悔吗？网友的惨痛经验是真的吗？（KM-DENTAL-07，草稿）。两卡采同一套处理原则（不引用也不否定帖子、改对照文献类别），但对象不同：该卡处理植体与植体周围组织，本卡处理牙支撑的全瓷冠。
• 上游决策卡：蛀牙了一定要补吗？补牙怎么补？（KM-DENTAL-12，草稿）。若你的情况是「蛀牙还没大到非做冠不可」，修复层级的选择判准在该卡；本卡承接的是已经被建议做全瓷冠之后的那一段。