How long does an implant wound take to heal? What happens day by day?｜證據鏈

How long does an implant wound take to heal? What happens day by day?｜證據鏈

F-Units (fact-unit ledger)

• F1｜Topic-selection basis: reconciliation of full GSC data for 14 clinic sites. The query 「植牙傷口癒合時間」 had 13,823 total impressions at(5,081 rows and 92 clicks), reconfirmed on 2026-08-06 by rerunning awk against the original TSV and matching the queue's clinic-topic-additions table.｜Source #18｜confidence=high｜basis=internal_dataset｜period=GSC retention window (from 2025-03-22)｜geo: TW｜caveat: impressions are property-level figures, not deduplicated traffic; internal data, not a medical claim, and not for the published visible layer.
• F2 [structural editorial organization]｜The framework that “a wound being healed has three meanings,” the canonical-boundary statement for KM-DENTAL-20／25／28／47, and the editorial allocation that all pain numbers, diet timing, and bone-augmentation complications point to their respective cards are structures defined by this site, not factual claims or any institution's staging definition.｜confidence=n/a｜basis=editorial｜geo: universal｜caveat: must not be labelled pending verification (that would create fictitious verification work).
• F3 [structural editorial organization]｜The reading framework “literature takes snapshots only at observation points; it does not provide a daily guarantee chart,” plus conservative safety-net wording such as “return for review if the trajectory reverses,” “do not trim sutures yourself,” and “seek immediate care for systemic signs,” are editorial decisions of this site, not literature-derived thresholds.｜confidence=n/a｜basis=editorial｜geo: universal｜caveat: as above, must not be labelled pending verification; this section is not diagnostic or treatment advice.
• F4｜Review: epithelial healing following non-surgical and surgical periodontal therapy appears to be completed over 7 to 14 days.｜Source #1｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed (narrative review, EFP workshop supplement)｜period=2014 (on 2026-08-06 this card searched PubMed with the query “soft tissue wound healing around dental implants review 2019:2026[dp]” and others; no newer review on the same topic replacing this paper was found. The closest later paper is the 2021 review in F10, whose direction is consistent.)｜geo: universal｜caveat: the original context is periodontal therapy (non-surgical and surgical), not implant surgery; this card cites only the one-to-two-week scale of oral soft-tissue epithelial healing and must not rewrite it as an individual day-by-day promise for an implant wound.
• F5｜Same paper: structural integrity of a maturing wound between a denuded root surface and a soft-tissue flap is achieved at approximately 14 days after surgery.｜Source #1｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed｜period=2014｜geo: universal｜caveat: the original context is the interface between a root surface and soft-tissue flap, not the peri-implant interface; this card cites its time scale and makes no equivalent claim for an implant setting.
• F6｜Same paper: formation of biological width and maturation of barrier function around transmucosal implants require 6 to 8 weeks of healing.｜Source #1｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed｜period=2014｜geo: universal｜caveat: the original sentence is specifically about transmucosal implants; it is a tissue-level maturation timeline, not a time statement about pain, swelling, or visible recovery, and not the time to completion of osseointegration.
• F7｜Same paper: established peri-implant soft connective tissue resembles scar tissue in composition, fibre orientation, and vasculature.｜Source #1｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed｜period=2014｜geo: universal｜caveat: a histologic description that does not imply any prognosis or aesthetic result.
• F8｜Human experimental-study design: 21 patients receiving implant-supported single-tooth replacement had specially designed experimental abutments connected after implant placement. A circular cutting device collected soft-tissue biopsies representing 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of healing for histologic analysis.｜Source #2｜confidence=high (for design)｜basis=peer_reviewed (human experimental model study)｜period=2014｜geo: universal｜caveat: small sample and one research team; this item states only the design of its sampling time points.
• F9｜Same paper: at week 8, soft-tissue height was about 3.6 mm, comprising 1.9 mm barrier epithelium and 1.7 mm connective tissue; similar dimensions were found at week 12.｜Source #2｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed｜period=2014｜geo: universal｜caveat: these are tissue dimensions, not a percentage of wound-healing completion; the sample was 21 people, with biopsy counts at individual time points not disclosed in the abstract; the authors' purpose was to test feasibility of this human model.
• F10｜Review: formation of peri-implant biological width is a complex process after several weeks of healing. It is defined as the 3 to 4 mm distance from the top of peri-implant mucosa to the first bone-to-implant contact (or stabilized top of adjacent bone), comprising sulcular epithelium, junctional epithelium, and fibrous connective tissue, and forming a biological barrier against bacteria.｜Source #3｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed (narrative review, searched to 2019-03)｜period=2021｜geo: universal｜caveat: narrative review without meta-analysis; this card uses it as currentness support and a structural definition for F6, not for clinical operating recommendations.
• F11｜Study design: 468 healthy patients (National Dental Centre Singapore, 2009–2011) underwent crown lengthening, open-flap debridement, or implant placement. Visual analogue scales recorded bleeding, swelling, pain, and bruising on postoperative days 0, 3, 5, and 7.｜Source #4｜confidence=high (for design)｜basis=peer_reviewed (consecutive-enrolment observational comparative study)｜period=2014 (on 2026-08-06 this card's search also found implant patient-reported outcome studies from 2022 and 2025, F26／F27, concerning procedure comparison and simultaneous bone augmentation respectively; they do not replace this paper's measurement-point design)｜geo: universal｜caveat: non-random allocation and a single centre; the abstract spells the sample number in English as “Four hundred and sixty-eight,” and this card renders it in Arabic numerals.
• F12｜Same paper: on the day of surgery, the implant-placement group's median visual analogue scale scores on the four patient-reported measures were lowest of the three groups; after all three procedures the median scores were generally low and reduced to near zero over a week.｜Source #4｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed｜period=2014｜geo: universal｜caveat: group medians, not individual predictions; “lowest” translates the source word lowest and is a between-procedure comparison, not a recommendation of one procedure over another.
• F13｜Same paper: procedures lasting more than 60 minutes had higher scores for all measures except bleeding; at one postoperative week, prevalence of tenderness to palpation was 11.6% for implant placement, 8.9% for crown lengthening, and 12.2% for open-flap debridement; swelling and suppuration occurred rarely.｜Source #4｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed｜period=2014｜geo: universal｜caveat: the source describes swelling and suppuration as rarely and gives no number; this card does not convert it into any proportion. The 11.6% is a cohort proportion at the one-week point, not an individual's risk.
• F14｜Study design: 339 patients undergoing five categories of alveolar surgery (simple extraction, flap extraction, straightforward implant placement, implant placement with guided bone regeneration, and periodontal surgery) used a 10 cm visual analogue scale each day in postoperative week 1 and on day 14 to record bleeding, swelling, pain, and bruising.｜Source #5｜confidence=high (for design)｜basis=peer_reviewed (two-centre consecutive-enrolment comparative study)｜period=2017｜geo: universal｜caveat: non-random allocation and two centres in Hong Kong and Nanjing; this item states only the measurement-time design. It shares the same anchor with KM-DENTAL-20／47, with identical English span but a different use focus.
• F15｜Same paper: healing outcomes of straightforward implant placement were comparable with simple extraction. Implant placement with guided bone regeneration had higher swelling (area-under-the-curve mean 9.1) and bruising (mean 4.2) scores in the first 3 postoperative days, and the highest painkiller use among the five groups.｜Source #5｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed｜period=2017｜geo: universal｜caveat: area under the curve is a relative comparison quantity, not the score itself; “highest” translates the source word highest. In that study, the group with higher pain scores was flap extraction, not implant placement with bone augmentation; this card must not mix those two facts.
• F16｜Same paper: one-week postoperative complication prevalence was 20% for implant placement with guided bone regeneration, 15.6% for periodontal surgery, 12.7% for straightforward implant placement, 4.8% for simple extraction, and 1.5% for flap extraction.｜Source #5｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed｜period=2017｜geo: universal｜caveat: enrolment results from those two centres, not universal incidence; the abstract does not set out the operational definition of complications item by item.
• F17｜Observational study: 40 patients (22 women, aged 21 to 74) received one-stage implant placement. Surgical-site gingival index increased at week 1, decreased significantly during early healing (weeks 1 to 3, p = 0.0003), and continued to decrease at implant sites during late healing (weeks 6 to 12, p < 0.01). Peri-implant crevicular-fluid volume decreased threefold by week 12 (p = 0.0003). The conclusion was that peri-implant gingival healing determined by crevicular-fluid molecular composition differs from periodontal healing and peri-implant tissue is relatively in a higher pro-inflammatory state.｜Source #6｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed (single-centre observational study, non-smokers)｜period=2013 (on 2026-08-06 this card's search found no newer study of the same design replacing this one)｜geo: universal｜caveat: the population is limited to non-smokers; biochemical-marker changes do not equal clinical healing completion; this card cites only its timing trajectory and the direction that the two are not synchronous. Two readings must be marked: (1) the continued decrease during late healing has “for I” (implant sites) in the original clause, so this card limits that statement to implant sites; (2) the original phrase for fluid volume is decreased threefold, and this card uses the ordinary reading “decreased to about one third,” without converting it to another multiplier.
• F18｜Early Wound Healing Score (EHS): at 24 hours after surgery it assesses clinical signs of re-epithelialization, haemostasis, and inflammation. Re-epithelialization accounts for 60% of the total score (0, 3, or 6 points); haemostasis and inflammation each score 0, 1, or 2 points; the ideal early-healing total is 10.｜Source #7｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed (study proposing a scoring system, 21 patients)｜period=2018｜geo: universal｜caveat: the original setting was vertical releasing incisions in periodontal-surgery flaps, not implant wounds; this is a clinical scoring tool, not a patient self-assessment scale.
• F19｜Same paper's results: 21 patients had 30 vertical releasing incisions. At 24 hours, 16 incisions (53.33%) received the maximum score for re-epithelialization, 6 cases (20%) received total score 10, and no case received 0.｜Source #7｜confidence=low｜basis=peer_reviewed｜period=2018｜geo: universal｜caveat: sample of 21, single centre, non-implant setting; this card cites the distribution to show that an ideal score is not the majority on postoperative day 1, not to infer efficacy or procedure effects.
• F20｜Reliability study: after training, 6 examiners with different training backgrounds and clinical specialties independently rated 63 photographs of three incision types taken on postoperative day 1, 3, or 7. Inter-examiner reliability was 0.828 (95% confidence interval 0.767 to 0.881), and intra-examiner reliability ranged from 0.826 to 0.915.｜Source #8｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed (reliability study)｜period=2019｜geo: universal｜caveat: photograph-based rating, not clinical in-person assessment; this card cites its need for prior training and clinical-tool nature, not a generalizability claim.
• F21｜Randomized clinical trial: patients with periodontitis underwent periodontal surgery. Plaque score, gingival inflammation, and an Early Healing Index (assessing degree of wound closure and presence of fibrin and necrotic tissue) were assessed on postoperative days 3, 7, and 14; 33 patients were enrolled.｜Source #9｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed (single-centre parallel-design randomized trial)｜period=2024｜geo: universal｜caveat: this card cites only the items and time points assessed by the index, not its mouth-rinse between-group conclusion and no product. The conflict disclosure says the corresponding author received consultancy fees from the manufacturer of the tested products, and the setting was periodontal rather than implant surgery.
• F22｜Randomized clinical study: sutures support tissue during the early healing phase until it regains sufficient tensile strength. Thirty-two patients undergoing surgical extraction of four impacted third molars had soft-tissue healing around sutures assessed on postoperative days 3 and 7.｜Source #10｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed (randomized clinical study)｜period=2020｜geo: universal｜caveat: the setting was third-molar surgery, not implant surgery; this card cites the mechanistic statement of suture function and its assessment points.
• F23｜Same paper's results: soft-tissue healing around monofilament and synthetic sutures was respectively significantly better than around multifilament and natural materials; for all sutures, soft-tissue healing was significantly better on postoperative day 7 than day 3. Non-resorbable silk had the poorest soft-tissue healing, the strongest inflammatory reaction, and the greatest microbial-adherence affinity.｜Source #10｜confidence=low｜basis=peer_reviewed｜period=2020｜geo: universal｜caveat: sample of 32 and third-molar setting; “poorest／strongest／greatest” translate the source comparisons and do not constitute a recommendation or ranking of any suture product; suture selection is a clinical judgment.
• F24｜Randomized controlled study: patients receiving implant or periodontal surgery had silk, coated polyglactin, nylon, and polyester sutures placed in random order at flap closure. Ten days after surgery, sutures were removed, incubated for 7 days in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and colony-forming units calculated. Every suture in every patient contained bacteria; nylon had significantly lower colony-forming units than the other three; surgery type (implant versus periodontal) did not significantly influence bacterial accumulation; postoperative antibiotic treatment had only a minor effect on bacterial accumulation on sutures.｜Source #11｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed (randomized controlled study)｜period=2019｜geo: universal｜caveat: differences in colony counts do not equal differences in clinical infection rates; the study did not measure infection outcomes. This card cites sutures as sites of bacterial accumulation and their removal timing, gives no product recommendation, and infers no medication advice.
• F25｜Randomized controlled-trial design: 55 people scheduled for implant surgery had postoperative morbidity signs—swelling, bruising, suppuration, and wound dehiscence—recorded by principal investigators on days 2 and 7. Patients also kept one-week diaries of pain and interference with daily activities.｜Source #12｜confidence=moderate (for design)｜basis=peer_reviewed (prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial)｜period=2014｜geo: universal｜caveat: this card cites only its observation points and categories of recorded signs and never its prophylactic-antibiotic conclusion, drug name, or dose (medication red line); sample of 55 and single centre.
• F26｜Randomized controlled trial: 40 patients were divided into static computer-aided implant surgery and conventional implant surgery groups and completed questionnaires for 7 days after surgery. Most oral-health-related quality-of-life complaints subsided about 3 days after surgery; the authors concluded that postoperative symptoms after implant surgery still inevitably occurred, reflecting the normal process of oral wound healing.｜Source #13｜confidence=low｜basis=peer_reviewed (single-centre randomized controlled trial)｜period=2022｜geo: universal｜caveat: sample of 40; this card does not cite between-group comparisons of pain scores (pain belongs to KM-DENTAL-47) and cites only the symptom-resolution time scale and the authors' statement that symptoms are part of the normal healing process.
• F27｜Patient-reported outcome study: 150 people receiving implant placement with simultaneous horizontal bone augmentation in the aesthetic zone were divided into short-term, 1 to 5 years postoperatively, and more than 5 years postoperatively groups of 50 each. In the short-term group, 16% had wound dehiscence (membrane exposure below 3 mm), and 2% had postoperative bleeding, infection, swelling, or abscess. Flaps extending beyond three teeth had significantly more early membrane exposure (p = 0.04); patient-reported postoperative discomfort (p < 0.001) and wound-healing scores (p < 0.04) decreased over time; younger adults and women reported more postoperative discomfort than older adults and men.｜Source #14｜confidence=low｜basis=peer_reviewed (grouped cross-sectional／retrospective patient-reported outcome study)｜period=2025｜geo: universal｜caveat: all cases had simultaneous horizontal bone augmentation and were limited to the maxillary aesthetic zone; it must not be generalized as a wound-dehiscence rate for ordinary implant placement. Management and consequences of membrane exposure belong to KM-DENTAL-28; this card does not cite satisfaction or willingness-to-repeat proportions (a decision-topic matter).
• F28｜Retrospective study: 1,132 patients (mean age 50.6 ± 16.5 years; 55.4% women) and 2,413 implants. It recorded postoperative complications including bleeding, hematoma, local infection, and nerve damage, and early implant failure. Seventy-one patients had postoperative complications and 16 implants were lost before loading. Multivariable generalized estimating equation models found higher risk of any complication with diabetes mellitus (p = .006) and bone augmentation (p = .039); higher local-infection risk with bone augmentation (p = .003); and higher hematoma risk with diabetes mellitus (p = .007) and edentulous jaws (p = .024). The penalized regression (lasso) model selected no risk factor.｜Source #15｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed (single-university retrospective study, 2016-01 to 2018-11)｜period=2020 (on 2026-08-06 this card's search also found a 2025 cluster-analysis prediction study with different design and outcome definitions, which does not replace this paper)｜geo: universal｜caveat: association is not causation; lasso selecting no risk factor means predictive ability in these data was limited. On that basis, this card declines to give an individualized timing prediction.
• F29｜Retrospective study: 3,900 patients underwent procedures including sinus-floor elevation, guided tissue regeneration, crown lengthening, implant placement, soft-tissue grafting, open-flap debridement, or surgical removal of impacted teeth. The most frequent complication was postoperative dentinal hypersensitivity (5.7%), followed by excessive pain (4.1%) and moderate postoperative bleeding (3.5%). Surgical removal of impacted teeth and lateral sinus-floor elevation had the highest complication incidence and severity; smoking and diabetes were generally associated with postoperative complications.｜Source #16｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed (single-university retrospective study)｜period=2019｜geo: universal｜caveat: the population underwent mixed procedures (including impacted-tooth surgery and sinus elevation), not a pure implant cohort, so the proportions cannot be read directly as implant risks. “Most frequent／highest” translate the source terms; the grading system was defined by that study.
• F30｜Systematic review: examined whether smoking cessation before oral surgery affects postoperative healing among smokers. The initial search produced 2,255 records; after removing 148 duplicates, 16 articles entered full-text reading and 12 were excluded because intervention, outcome, or design differed from the review protocol. In the end, only 1 study had moderate risk of bias and 3 were excluded for high risk of bias. The authors concluded that the effect of preoperative smoking cessation could not be determined, indicating a knowledge gap.｜Source #17｜confidence=moderate (for the conclusion “evidence insufficient”)｜basis=peer_reviewed (systematic review including ROBINS-I／RoB 2 and GRADE assessments)｜period=2024｜geo: universal｜caveat: “the effect of cessation cannot be determined” does not mean “cessation is ineffective,” much less “smoking is harmless.” The association of smoking with postoperative complications is in F29. This item is used only to state the evidence gap honestly and must not be rewritten as any behavioural recommendation or reverse recommendation.
• F31｜Retrospective cohort study: 337 patients and 1273 implants. Postoperative infection was defined as purulent drainage and/or increasing pain and swelling in the operated area before prosthetic loading; 22 postoperative infections were recorded (6.5% of patients and 1.7% of implants), usually diagnosed within the first postoperative month.｜Source #19｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed (single-university retrospective cohort)｜period=2015 (on 2026-08-06 this card's search found no newer cohort study on the same topic replacing this paper)｜geo: universal｜caveat: this card cites its operational infection definition as a literature basis for a return-for-review criterion, not its incidence as an estimate of personal risk; the definition records research cases and is not a self-diagnosis scale. The same anchor is also used in KM-DENTAL-47.
• F32｜Article 81 of Taiwan's Medical Care Act: when diagnosing or treating a patient, a medical-care institution shall inform the patient or the patient's legal representative, spouse, relative, or related person of the condition, treatment policy, procedures, medication, prognosis, and possible adverse reactions.｜Source #20｜confidence=high｜basis=law｜period=current provision (on 2026-08-06, the National Laws and Regulations Database page was loaded with ego-browser; the Medical Care Act §81 page matched the provision word for word. The same VERIFIED-FACTS anchor had been checked; this card did not retest it and only compared it word for word against the page retrieved that day.)｜geo: TW｜caveat: statutory paraphrase, not legal advice; this card uses it to direct postoperative instructions and review arrangements back to the clinic and gives no medication advice.
• F33｜Article 87, paragraph 2 of Taiwan's Medical Care Act: publication of medical knowledge or research reports, patient health education, and academic publications that do not solicit medical business are not deemed medical advertising.｜Source #20｜confidence=high｜basis=law｜period=current provision (on 2026-08-06, the National Laws and Regulations Database page was loaded with ego-browser; the Medical Care Act §87 page provided both provisions word for word. The same VERIFIED-FACTS anchor had been checked.)｜geo: TW｜caveat: basis for this card's positioning; when published in other countries, the line between health education and advertising follows local law.

Sources

1. Sculean A, Gruber R, Bosshardt DD. Soft tissue wound healing around teeth and dental implants. J Clin Periodontol. 2014 Apr;41 Suppl 15:S6-22. PMID 24641001. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24641001/（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要取回成功）。逐字 span：「Epithelial healing following non-surgical and surgical periodontal therapy appears to be completed after a period of 7–14 days」「Structural integrity of a maturing wound between a denuded root surface and a soft tissue flap is achieved at approximately 14-days post-surgery」「The formation of the biological width and maturation of the barrier function around transmucosal implants requires 6–8 weeks of healing」「The established peri-implant soft connective tissue resembles a scar tissue in composition, fibre orientation, and vasculature」
2. Tomasi C, Tessarolo F, Caola I, Wennström J, Nollo G, Berglundh T. Morphogenesis of peri-implant mucosa revisited: an experimental study in humans. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014 Sep;25(9):997-1003. PMID 23799997. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23799997/（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要取回成功）。逐字 span：「Twenty one patients receiving implant-supported single-tooth replacement were enrolled in this study」「Soft tissue biopsies representing 2, 4, 8 or 12 weeks of healing were collected by the use of a circular cutting device and prepared for histological analysis」「At 8 weeks, the soft tissue dimension was about 3.6 mm and included a barrier epithelium of 1.9 mm and a connective tissue portion of 1.7 mm. Similar dimensions were found at 12 weeks」
3. Zheng Z, Ao X, Xie P, Jiang F, Chen W. The biological width around implant. J Prosthodont Res. 2021 Feb 24;65(1):11-18. PMID 32938861. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32938861/（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要取回成功）。逐字 span：「The formation of biological width around implant is a complex process after several weeks of healing」「The biological width around implant is a 3-4mm distance from the top of the peri-implant mucosa to the first bone-to-implant contact or the stabilized top of the adjacent bone, consisting of sulcular epithelium, junctional epithelium and fibrous connective tissue」「The biological width forms a biological barrier against the bacteria」
4. Tan WC, Krishnaswamy G, Ong MM, Lang NP. Patient-reported outcome measures after routine periodontal and implant surgical procedures. J Clin Periodontol. 2014 Jun;41(6):618-24. PMID 24593854. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24593854/（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要取回成功）。逐字 span：「Four hundred and sixty-eight healthy dental patients requiring surgeries, such as crown lengthening (CL), open flap debridement (OFD) and implant installation (IMP)」「PROMs on bleeding, swelling, pain and bruising were obtained using Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) on days 0, 3, 5 and 7 post-operatively」「On the day of surgery, the IMP procedure gave the lowest median VAS for all four PROM parameters」「Patients who underwent procedures lasting more than 60 min. had higher VAS for all parameters except bleeding」「Prevalence for tenderness to palpation was 11.6%, 8.9% and 12.2% for IMP, CL and OFD, respectively, 1-week post-operatively. Swelling and suppuration occurred rarely」「The median VAS scores for all PROM parameters were generally low and reduced to near zero over a week following all three surgical procedures tested」
5. Yao J, Lee KK, McGrath C, Wu YN, Li KY, Mattheos N. Comparison of patient-centered outcomes after routine implant placement, teeth extraction, and periodontal surgical procedures. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2017 Apr;28(4):373-380. PMID 26970296. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26970296/（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要取回成功）。逐字 span：「POAs in terms of bleeding, swelling, pain, and bruising were obtained using 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS) on each day of the first week and the 14th day postsurgery」「implant placement with GBR (IGBR) resulted in significant higher level of swelling (AUC: Mean = 9.1) and bruising (Mean = 4.2) for the same period with also the highest use of painkillers」「Healing outcomes of straightforward implant placement (I) were comparable to that of a simple extraction (SE)」「Prevalence for complications 1 week postoperatively was IGBR (20%), P (15.6%), I (12.7%), SE (4.8%), TE (1.5%), respectively」
6. Emecen-Huja P, Eubank TD, Shapiro V, Yildiz V, Tatakis DN, Leblebicioglu B. Peri-implant versus periodontal wound healing. J Clin Periodontol. 2013 Aug;40(8):816-24. PMID 23772674. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23772674/（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要取回成功）。逐字 span：「Forty patients (22 females; 21-74 years old) completed the study」「Surgical site GI, increased at week 1, decreased significantly during early healing (weeks 1-3; p = 0.0003) and continually decreased during late healing (weeks 6-12) for I (p < 0.01)」「PICF volume decreased threefold by week 12 (p = 0.0003)」「Peri-implant gingival healing, as determined by crevicular fluid molecular composition, differs from periodontal healing. The observed differences suggest that peri-implant tissues, compared to periodontal tissues, represent a higher pro-inflammatory state」
7. Marini L, Rojas MA, Sahrmann P, Aghazada R, Pilloni A. Early Wound Healing Score: a system to evaluate the early healing of periodontal soft tissue wounds. J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2018 Oct 24;48(5):274-283. PMID 30405935. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30405935/（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要取回成功）。逐字 span：「Twenty-four hours after surgery, early wound healing at the vertical releasing incisions was assessed using the EHS. This score assessed clinical signs of re-epithelialization (CSR), clinical signs of haemostasis (CSH), and clinical signs of inflammation (CSI)」「Accordingly, the score for ideal early wound healing was 10」「Thirty vertical releasing incisions were assessed in 21 patients. At 24 hours after incision, 16 vertical releasing incisions (53.33%) received the maximum score of CSR, while 6 cases (20%) received an EHS of 10. None of the cases received 0 points」
8. Marini L, Sahrmann P, Rojas MA, Cavalcanti C, Pompa G, Papi P, Pilloni A. Early Wound Healing Score (EHS): An Intra- and Inter-Examiner Reliability Study. Dent J (Basel). 2019 Sep 1;7(3):86. PMID 31480586. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31480586/（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要取回成功）。逐字 span：「63 photographs of three different types of surgical incisions taken at day 1, 3 or 7 post-operatively were independently evaluated according to the proposed assessment method」「The inter-examiner reliability for the EHS was 0.828 (95% CI: 0.767-0.881). The intra-examiner reliability ranged between 0.826 (95% CI: 0.728-0.891) and 0.915 (95% CI: 0.856-0.950)」
9. Graziani F, Izzetti R, Perić M, Marhl U, Nisi M, Gennai S. Early periodontal wound healing after chlorhexidine rinsing: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2024 Jun 4;28(6):354. PMID 38833009. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38833009/（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要取回成功）。逐字 span：「Plaque score, gingival inflammation, and Early Healing Index (EHI), assessing the degree of wound closure and the presence of fibrin and necrosis, were evaluated at 3, 7 and 14 days after surgery」「In total, 33 patients were enrolled」「received consultancy fees from Curasept SPA whose products are tested in this study」
10. Dragovic M, Pejovic M, Stepic J, Colic S, Dozic B, Dragovic S, Lazarevic M, Nikolic N, Milasin J, Milicic B. Comparison of four different suture materials in respect to oral wound healing, microbial colonization, tissue reaction and clinical features-randomized clinical study. Clin Oral Investig. 2020 Apr;24(4):1527-1541. PMID 31342245. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31342245/（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要取回成功）。逐字 span：「They support tissue during the early phase of healing until it regains enough tensile strength」「Total number of 32 patients undergoing surgical extraction of four impacted third molars were involved in the study」「Soft tissue healing around sutures were evaluated on the 3rd and 7th day postoperatively」「Significantly better soft tissue healing was found around monofilament and synthetic sutures compared to multifilament and natural ones respectively. Soft tissue healing was significantly better around all sutures on the 7th day than on the 3rd day postoperatively」「The poorest soft tissue healing was found around non-resorbable silk suture. This suture elicited strongest inflammatory reaction and showed the greatest microbial adherence affinity compared to alternative sutures」
11. Asher R, Chacartchi T, Tandlich M, Shapira L, Polak D. Microbial accumulation on different suture materials following oral surgery: a randomized controlled study. Clin Oral Investig. 2019 Feb;23(2):559-565. PMID 29717362. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29717362/（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要取回成功）。逐字 span：「Upon flap closure, four different sutures were placed in a randomized sequence-silk, coated polyglactin, nylon, and polyester. Ten days following surgery, the sutures were removed and incubated in aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions for 7 days and colony-forming units (CFUs) were calculated」「All sutures in all patients were found to contain bacteria. Overall, nylon sutures showed significantly lower CFU levels compared to silk, coated polyglactin, and polyester sutures」「The type of surgery (implant vs. periodontal surgery) did not significantly influence bacterial accumulation」「post-surgical antibiotic treatment also had only a minor effect on bacterial accumulation on the various sutures」
12. Nolan R, Kemmoona M, Polyzois I, Claffey N. The influence of prophylactic antibiotic administration on post-operative morbidity in dental implant surgery. A prospective double blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014 Feb;25(2):252-9. PMID 23406290. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23406290/（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要取回成功）。逐字 span：「Fifty-five subjects scheduled for implant surgery were enrolled」「Pain diaries and interference with daily activities diaries were kept by the patients for 1 week post-operatively. Signs of post-operative morbidity (swelling, bruising, suppuration and wound dehiscence) were recorded by the principal investigators at day 2 and day 7 following the operation」
13. Kunavisarut C, Santivitoonvong A, Chaikantha S, Pornprasertsuk-Damrongsri S, Joda T. Patient-reported outcome measures comparing static computer-aided implant surgery and conventional implant surgery for single-tooth replacement: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2022 Mar;33(3):278-290. PMID 34921690. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34921690/（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要取回成功）。逐字 span：「Forty patients were divided into two groups for treatment with s-CAIS (Test) and CIS (Control)」「Most OHRQoL-related complaints subsided approximately 3 days after surgery」「Postoperative symptoms after implant surgery still inevitably occurred, reflecting the normal process of oral wound healing」
14. Braun D, Chappuis V, Raabe C, Suter VGA, Fonseca M, Couso-Queiruga E. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Following Implant Placement With Simultaneous Horizontal Bone Augmentation. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2025 Feb;27(1):e70005. PMID 39898760. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39898760/（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要取回成功）。逐字 span：「One hundred and fifty patients completed the study (n = 50 per group)」「In Group A, 16% experienced wound dehiscence (membrane exposure < 3 mm), and 2% had postoperative bleeding, infection, swelling, or abscess. Flaps extending beyond three teeth significantly increased early membrane exposure (p = 0.04). Patient-reported postoperative discomfort (p < 0.001) and wound healing scores (p < 0.04) decreased over time」「Younger adults and women reported greater postoperative discomfort than older adults and men」
15. Feher B, Lettner S, Heinze G, Karg F, Ulm C, Gruber R, Kuchler U. An advanced prediction model for postoperative complications and early implant failure. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2020 Oct;31(10):928-935. PMID 32683718. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32683718/（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要取回成功）。逐字 span：「recording postoperative complications including bleeding, hematoma, local infection, and nerve damage, as well as early implant failure」「In a total of 1,132 patients (mean age: 50.6 ± 16.5 years, 55.4% female) and 2,413 implants, postoperative complications occurred in 71 patients. Sixteen implants were lost prior to loading」「Multivariable GEE models showed a higher risk of any complication for diabetes mellitus (p = .006) and bone augmentation (p = .039). The models further revealed a higher risk of local infection for bone augmentation (p = .003), and a higher risk of hematoma formation for diabetes mellitus (p = .007) and edentulous jaws (p = .024). The lasso model did not select any risk factors into the prediction model」
16. Askar H, Di Gianfilippo R, Ravida A, Tattan M, Majzoub J, Wang HL. Incidence and severity of postoperative complications following oral, periodontal, and implant surgeries: A retrospective study. J Periodontol. 2019 Nov;90(11):1270-1278. PMID 31177525. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31177525/（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要取回成功）。逐字 span：「A total of 3,900 patients who underwent surgical procedures including, but not limited to, sinus floor elevation, guided tissue regeneration, crown lengthening, implant placement, soft tissue graft, open flap debridement or surgical removal of impacted teeth were included」「Postoperative dentinal hypersensitivity (5.7%) was the most frequent complication, followed by excessive pain (4.1%), and moderate postoperative bleeding (3.5%)」「Surgical removal of impacted teeth and lateral sinus floor elevation had the highest incidence and severity of complications」「Smoking and diabetes are generally associated with postoperative complications」
17. Olsson M, Nordendahl E, Klinge B, Ekbom A, Edlund C, Fored M, Sundström J, Naimi-Akbar A. Does smoking cessation affect postoperative healing following oral surgery among smokers? - a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2024 Feb 15;24(1):242. PMID 38360627. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38360627/（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要取回成功）。逐字 span：「The initial search resulted in 2255 records, and after removal of 148 duplicates, 16 articles met an acceptable level of relevance. These were read in full text, whereof 12 articles were excluded, due to different intervention, outcome, or study design than stated in the review protocol. One study remained with moderate risk of bias and three were excluded due to high risk of bias」「This systematic review could not determine the effect of smoking cessation pre to oral surgical procedures, in smokers. This indicates lack of knowledge in the effects of smoking cessation」
18. km 牙醫線選題底帳 [F1]：`km-production-queue.html` 第三區「診所補題」表「植牙傷口癒合時間」列（曝光 13,823、掛載），數字以 `gsc-full-20260804/__web__full.tsv` 於 2026-08-06 重跑對帳確認（5,081 列、impressions 13,823、clicks 92）。資料源＝14 診所資產 GSC 全量對帳。
19. Camps-Font O, Figueiredo R, Valmaseda-Castellón E, Gay-Escoda C. Postoperative Infections After Dental Implant Placement: Prevalence, Clinical Features, and Treatment. Implant Dent. 2015 Dec;24(6):713-9. PMID 26384096. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26384096/（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 摘要取回成功）。逐字 span：「Postoperative infections were defined as the presence of purulent drainage and/or increasing pain and swelling in the operated area before prosthetic loading」「Three hundred thirty-seven participants (1273 implants) were included. Twenty-two postoperative infections were recorded (6.5% of the patients and 1.7% of the implants)」「These complications were usually diagnosed within the first month」
20. Taiwan Medical Care Act, Articles 81 and 87, Laws & Regulations Database of the Republic of China (Taiwan). https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=L0020021 (verified word for word against the page content loaded with ego-browser on 2026-08-06; the corresponding Chinese-language page titles were Medical Care Act §81 and Medical Care Act §87; the same VERIFIED-FACTS anchor had been checked).

Internal citation chain

• Pain canonical card: Does implant placement hurt? How long does it hurt? (KM-DENTAL-47, draft). Canonical boundary between the two cards: the pain curve, severity, factors affecting pain, pain-related red flags, and the clarification that pain is not an implant-failure indicator belong to that card; visible changes, healing stages, sutures, and wound dehiscence of the soft-tissue wound belong here. Both cards use the same patient-reported outcome anchor, PMID 26970296, with identical English span but different uses (that card uses pain and area under the curve; this card uses swelling, bruising, and complication proportions).
• Postoperative diet card: How long after implant placement can I eat? Can I drink coffee and tea? (KM-DENTAL-20, draft). The diet timeline, coffee and tea, and connection to postoperative cleaning are governed by that card and are not rewritten here.
• Process card: The full implant process: what happens from assessment to placing the crown? (KM-DENTAL-25, draft). Osseointegration, second-stage surgery, and total treatment time belong to that card. The third layer here, “completion of osseointegration,” points directly to it.
• Bone-augmentation-complications canonical card: Can bone-graft material have after-effects? What happens if it fails? (KM-DENTAL-28, draft). Management and consequences of membrane exposure, particle exposure, and wound dehiscence in the grafted area belong to that card. This card only addresses whether simultaneous bone augmentation changes wound timing and appearance.
• Related healing topic: How long does an extraction socket take to heal? (KM-DENTAL-01, draft). That card covers hard-tissue healing of the extraction socket; this card covers the soft-tissue implant wound, whose time scale and observation measures differ.

Publication-gate reminder: this card is a draft. It must not enter km_entries until the four language versions (zh-Hant／zh-Hans／en／ja) are produced. This card contains care-seeking red-flag criteria (trajectory reversal, pus, wound dehiscence, and systemic signs); the review-chain specification recommends an additional GM third opinion.