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牙龈补肉手术：费用、保险、恢复期一次讲清｜證據鏈

km 編輯部2026-08-13阅读约 46 分钟
#證據鏈#牙醫KM#台灣#費用

本頁是〈牙龈补肉手术：费用、保险、恢复期一次讲清〉的事實單元帳：每一條主張對應的來源、證據等級、地域與期間、原文引句與限制，逐條攤開。

牙龈补肉手术：费用、保险、恢复期一次讲清｜證據鏈

F-Units（事实单元账）

  • F1｜本题选题依据＝14 诊所站 GSC 全量对账，“牙龈补肉手术费用”“牙龈补肉手术保险理赔”“牙龈补肉恢复期”“牙龈增厚手术”“牙龈补肉”“种植牙补肉”“种植牙补肉费用”“牙龈补肉失败ptt”等 12 词项合计曝光 213,132、跨 4 站｜来源＝内部底账（km-dental-backlog.md #14 附录）｜confidence=high｜basis=internal_dataset｜period=GSC 保留窗（自 2025-03-22 起）｜geo: TW｜caveat：曝光是属性级数字、非去重流量；本栏为内部数据、非医学宣称，发布转换时不输出。
  • F2［结构性整理］｜“根面覆盖／角化组织增宽／种植牙周围软组织增补／植骨不是补肉”四路分流，以及“先确认是哪一种再谈费用”的提问方式，是本站依据患者查询语与文献术语对应所做的编辑框架，非事实宣称、非任何机构的分类方式｜confidence=n/a｜basis=editorial｜geo: TW｜caveat：不得标为待验（避免制造假核查工作）。
  • F3｜牙龈萎缩定义＝牙龈边缘移位至釉牙骨质界的根尖侧，造成牙根表面暴露于口腔｜来源 #3｜confidence=high｜basis=peer_reviewed（Cochrane 系统性综述，2018 更新版）｜period=2018｜geo: universal｜caveat：定义陈述，非疗效宣称。
  • F4｜牙根表面暴露常伴随美观受损、牙本质敏感，以及颈部龋齿性和非龋齿性病灶｜来源 #1｜confidence=high｜basis=clinical_guideline（2017 世界工作坊分类共识的叙述性综述）｜period=2018｜geo: universal｜caveat：关联性陈述，非因果或发生率宣称。
  • F5｜无病灶时监测特定位点是适当做法；当病灶发生或进展风险升高，或为满足患者美观需求时，改变生物型和／或覆盖牙根的手术干预可能有适应证｜来源 #1｜confidence=high｜basis=clinical_guideline｜period=2018｜geo: universal｜caveat：适应证原则，非个案判准；本文不提供自我诊断方法。
  • F6｜薄型牙周生物型发生牙龈萎缩的风险较高；口腔卫生不良、正畸治疗和颈部充填物可能增加风险｜来源 #1｜confidence=moderate｜basis=clinical_guideline（回顾性文献汇整）｜period=2018｜geo: universal｜caveat：风险因素陈述，未量化相对风险。
  • F7｜RT1＝邻接面无附着丧失；RT2＝邻接面附着丧失小于或等于颊侧；RT3＝邻接面附着丧失大于颊侧。该分类可预测 6 个月时的萎缩减少量（109 处治疗位点，p<0.0001）｜来源 #2｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed（探索性与信度研究，25 位患者、116 处萎缩）｜period=2011｜geo: universal｜caveat：单中心探索性研究；分类须由临床测量执行，本文不提供患者自我分类方法。
  • F8｜Cochrane 2018 更新版（原始版 2009）纳入 48 篇 RCT，1 篇低偏倚风险、12 篇高、35 篇不明确；结论：同时期待根面覆盖和角化组织宽度增加时，上皮下结缔组织移植显示轻微改善；另有较弱证据显示无细胞真皮基质是结果与其较相近的替代材料；关于患者意见和偏好的美观改变资料很少｜来源 #3｜confidence=high｜basis=peer_reviewed（Cochrane 系统性综述）｜period=检索至 2018-01-15；于 2026-08-06 在 PubMed 复查，pub3（2018）为现行有效的 Cochrane 版本，未见更新版｜geo: universal｜caveat：摘要报告的各项比较，证据质量经作者评为低或极低，本文如实转述。
  • F9｜2022 年系统性综述与网络荟萃分析：检索至 2021-09-30，纳入 38 篇研究、830 位患者、1,265 处萎缩缺损；SCTG＋CAF 在术后 6 和 12 个月的平均根面覆盖、完全根面覆盖和角化组织宽度增益排序中位居前列，惟 12 个月平均根面覆盖由釉基质衍生物＋CAF 较优；作者以 gold standard 描述其定位｜来源 #4｜confidence=high｜basis=peer_reviewed（SR＋NMA）｜period=2022；2026-08-06 复查未见针对同一临床问题的更新版 NMA（近年新出者为辅助材料专题）｜geo: universal｜caveat：排序结果来自间接比较，非个案疗效预测；本文不以排序作为推荐。
  • F10｜2025 年多发性牙龈萎缩系统性综述与荟萃分析（检索至 2024-05）：纳入 32 篇 RCT、1012 位患者、3589 处萎缩；平均根面覆盖 82.6%（95% CI 71.3–93.9）、完全根面覆盖 62.7%（95% CI 57.0–68.4）；术后疼痛偏低（VAS 0–10 平均 2.67；VAS 0–100 平均 24.34）；平均根面覆盖与患者美观感受无显著相关｜来源 #5｜confidence=high｜basis=peer_reviewed（SR＋MA）｜period=2025（本题现行的效果合并估计，2026-08-06 检索未见更新版）｜geo: universal｜caveat：人群为多发性萎缩、术式为 CAF／隧道联合移植物或替代材料，不可外推为所有“补肉”手术或单颗缺损的个人预测。
  • F11｜2020 年美观和患者相关结局的网络荟萃分析：纳入 26 篇 RCT、867 位患者、1708 处萎缩；以结缔组织移植为基础的术式同时与较高患者满意度和较高术后不适相关｜来源 #6｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed（SR＋NMA）｜period=2020｜geo: universal｜caveat：morbidity 指患者自述的疼痛和不适，非并发症发生率。
  • F12｜2022 年荟萃分析：13 篇 RCT、701 位患者、1,086 处萎缩；手术性根面覆盖后牙本质敏感抑制比例 70.8%（95% CI 64.4–76.6），I²＝39.2%；作者结论为覆盖成功与敏感抑制有关联｜来源 #7｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed（SR＋MA）｜period=2022｜geo: universal｜caveat：人群层级估计，非个人预测；敏感成因不只一种。
  • F13｜105 篇 RCT 的网络荟萃分析（95 篇属根面覆盖术式、10 篇属非根面覆盖术式）：在根面覆盖术式的分析中，无细胞真皮基质、胶原基质和结缔组织移植均能显著增加牙龈厚度；角化组织仅在使用结缔组织移植或无细胞真皮基质时显著增加｜来源 #8｜confidence=high｜basis=peer_reviewed（SR＋NMA）｜period=2020｜geo: universal｜caveat：该结论限于根面覆盖术式子集，不可外推至非根面覆盖（单纯增宽角化组织）术式；以厚度和角化组织为结局指标，非美观或存留结局。
  • F14｜长期（≥5 年）系统性综述（检索至 2023-05-15）：所有根面覆盖术式的萎缩深度随时间呈上升趋势；使用自体移植（SCTG 或 FGG）与较大的短期角化组织宽度增益及较小的萎缩深度增加相关；牙龈边缘稳定度与短期评估时的角化组织宽度量相关｜来源 #9｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed（系统性综述，41 笔报告、40 项研究）｜period=2024｜geo: universal｜caveat：纳入 RCT 和非 RCT，异质性高；趋势陈述非个案预测。
  • F15｜2026 年种植体周围软组织增补系统性综述与网络荟萃分析：纳入 48 篇 RCT（46 篇进入 NMA）；角化组织宽度增益以根尖向复位瓣＋游离牙龈移植排序领先，黏膜厚度增益以结缔组织移植表现较佳；术式和材料选择比手术时机更关键｜来源 #10｜confidence=high｜basis=peer_reviewed（SR＋NMA）｜period=2026（检索日 2026-08-06 未见更新版；同题较早版本为 2024 年 PMID 38704784，本文采用较新者）｜geo: universal｜caveat：结局指标为组织尺寸，非种植体存留或疾病预防。
  • F16｜2025 年伞状系统性综述（纳入 2012–2023 年 10 篇系统性综述）：角化黏膜宽度不足与黏膜退缩、牙龈指数／改良牙龈指数、改良菌斑指数及边缘骨丧失有显著效应量；对探诊出血、袋深度、种植体存留和疾病患病率的影响证据不足｜来源 #11｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed（umbrella review＋meta-meta-analysis）｜period=2025｜geo: universal｜caveat：关联性研究，非因果；本文不据此宣称手术可预防种植体周围疾病。
  • F17｜2026 年供区并发症系统性综述（纳入 2019 至 2025-04 发表的 16 篇临床研究）：术后疼痛为报告频率较高的并发症，多以 VAS 评估；出血报告较少且多为自限性；感觉异常多为轻微短暂并于常规随访期间缓解；未有研究报告严重感染或危及健康的并发症；整体证据强度为中等｜来源 #12｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed（系统性综述，未做荟萃分析）｜period=2026｜geo: universal｜caveat：作者因异质性未进行量化合成，本文不引用任何并发症发生率数字。
  • F18｜随机对照试验（74 位接受游离牙龈移植的患者）：术后 24、48、72 小时以 21 点数值量表记录疼痛和镇痛药使用；术后第 1、2、3、4 周复诊以腭侧早期愈合指数评估伤口颜色、上皮化、肿胀、肉芽组织和轻触出血｜来源 #13｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed（RCT）｜period=2024｜geo: universal｜caveat：本文仅引用其测量时间点，不把其干预组效果作为一般化建议或恢复天数承诺。
  • F19｜回顾 24 篇临床研究：吸烟对牙周手术干预后的牙周伤口愈合有负面影响｜来源 #14｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed（文献综述）｜period=2012｜geo: universal｜caveat：同 #17 卡锚；纳入所有证据等级，非分级荟萃。
  • F20｜牙周手术后使用含 chlorhexidine 的漱口水，可改善早期伤口愈合、减少菌斑堆积和牙龈炎症｜来源 #15｜confidence=moderate｜basis=peer_reviewed（RCT，33 人）｜period=2024｜geo: universal｜caveat：同 #17 卡锚；研究有厂商资助披露；本文不作产品推荐、不构成用药指示。
  • F21｜台湾《医疗法》第 21 条：“醫療機構收取醫療費用之標準，由直轄市、縣（市）主管機關核定之。”｜来源 #17｜confidence=high｜basis=law｜period=现行条文（2026-08-06 实测 HTTP 200＋逐字核对相符）｜geo: TW｜caveat：同 #3 卡锚；条文转述，非法律意见。
  • F22｜台湾《医疗法》第 22 条：“醫療機構收取醫療費用，應開給載明收費項目及金額之收據”；“醫療機構不得違反收費標準，超額或擅立收費項目收費。”｜来源 #18｜confidence=high｜basis=law｜period=现行条文（2026-08-06 实测 HTTP 200＋两项逐字核对相符）｜geo: TW｜caveat：同 #3 卡锚；条文转述，非法律意见。
  • F22b｜在同时有非龋齿性颈部缺损和牙龈萎缩的牙齿上，是否充填该缺损不影响根面覆盖百分比｜来源 #16｜confidence=low｜basis=peer_reviewed（系统性综述与荟萃分析，13 篇纳入资料提取）｜period=2024｜geo: universal｜caveat：该摘要关于敏感和美观感受的叙述语义不明确，本文不引用该部分，仅引用覆盖百分比一句。
  • F23｜台湾《医疗法》第 63 条：医疗机构实施手术，应向患者或其法定代理人、配偶、亲属或关系人说明手术原因、手术成功率或可能发生的并发症及危险，并经其同意，签署手术同意书及麻醉同意书后，方得实施｜来源 #19｜confidence=high｜basis=law｜period=现行条文（2026-08-06 实测 HTTP 200＋逐字核对相符）｜geo: TW｜caveat：同 #17 卡锚；条文但书“情况紧急者，不在此限”未于正文引用。
  • F24｜《全民健康保险法》第 51 条列举不列入给付范围的项目，第三款含“美容外科手术”，第十一款含“義齒、義眼、眼鏡、助聽器、輪椅、拐杖及其他非具積極治療性之裝具”｜来源 #20｜confidence=high｜basis=law｜period=现行条文（2026-08-06 实测 HTTP 200＋逐字核对相符）｜geo: TW｜caveat：同 #9／#17 卡锚；条文列举不等于个案结论，本文不作涵摄判断。
  • F25｜台湾《医疗法》第 87 条：广告内容暗示或影射医疗业务者视为医疗广告；医学新知或研究报告的发表、患者卫生教育、学术性刊物，未涉及招揽医疗业务者，不视为医疗广告｜来源 #21｜confidence=high｜basis=law｜period=现行条文（2026-08-06 实测 HTTP 200＋两项逐字取得）｜geo: TW｜caveat：本文定位依据。
  • F26｜自费收费项目依地方主管机关核定的收费标准办理；已验证例证＝政府数据开放平台数据集 121913“臺北市醫療收費標準”｜来源 #22｜confidence=high｜basis=official_statement｜period=2026-08-06 实测 HTTP 200，API 返回 title 逐字核对相符｜geo: TW｜caveat：同 #3／#17 卡锚；其他县市页面放量前逐一补验。
  • F27｜健保署“醫材比價網”两条查询路径均不含牙科品项，牙科自费项目无法由该网核查｜来源＝跨卡已验事实档 `km-compliance/VERIFIED-FACTS.md`（2026-08-05 OP 以浏览器实测，#3 卡首报并逐类读取）｜confidence=high｜basis=official_statement（实测记录）｜period=2026-08-05｜geo: TW｜caveat：本文沿用跨卡已验锚、未重复实测；日后该网若新增牙科分类，本条须复验。
  • F28［待验］｜牙龈软组织移植手术在健保支付标准中的给付状态｜来源类别：健保署医疗服务给付项目及支付标准公告｜confidence=low｜basis=待补（www.nhi.gov.tw 对 curl 响应受限，本文未取得逐字锚；发布前改由浏览器实查补验）｜geo: TW｜caveat：未验证前，本文不作“有给付／不给付”断言。
  • F29［待验］｜商业保险是否理赔本术式，依保单条款而定｜来源类别：保单条款（未取得可公开引用的条款样本）｜confidence=low｜basis=待补｜geo: TW｜caveat：本站不提供理赔意见（编辑政策），仅陈述“依保单条款而定”。
  • F30［结构性整理］｜“诊察与诊断／手术本身／移植物来源／并行处置／复诊与随访／后续维护”六段拆分法和报价核对建议，为本站编辑定义的阅读框架，非事实宣称、非任何机构的收费分类｜confidence=n/a｜basis=editorial｜geo: TW｜caveat：不得标为待验。

来源清单

  1. Cortellini P, Bissada NF. Mucogingival conditions in the natural dentition: Narrative review, case definitions, and diagnostic considerations. J Periodontol. 2018;89 Suppl 1:S204-S213. PMID 29926948. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29926948/（取用 2026-08-06，efetch 取回摘要）。逐字 span：「The root surface exposure is frequently associated with impaired esthetics, dentinal hypersensitivity and carious and non-carious cervical lesions」「in the absence of pathosis, monitoring specific sites seems to be the proper approach」「surgical intervention, either to change the biotype and/or to cover roots, might be indicated when the risk for the development or progression of pathosis and associated root damages is increased and to satisfy the esthetic requirements of the patients」「thin periodontal biotypes are at greater risk for developing gingival recession」「inadequate oral hygiene, orthodontic treatment, and cervical restorations might increase the risk for the development of gingival recession」
  2. Cairo F, Nieri M, Cincinelli S, Mervelt J, Pagliaro U. The interproximal clinical attachment level to classify gingival recessions and predict root coverage outcomes: an explorative and reliability study. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(7):661-666. PMID 21507033. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21507033/（取用 2026-08-06）。逐字 span：「class RT1 included gingival recession with no loss of interproximal attachment, class RT2 recession was associated with interproximal attachment loss less than or equal to the buccal site and class RT3 showed higher interproximal attachment loss than the buccal site」「The RT classification was predictive of the final Rec Red (p<0.0001) at the 6-month follow-up in 109 treated gingival recessions」
  3. Chambrone L, Salinas Ortega MA, Sukekava F, Rotundo R, Kalemaj Z, Buti J, Pini Prato GP. Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession-type defects. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;10(10):CD007161. PMID 30277568. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30277568/（取用 2026-08-06）。逐字 span：「Gingival recession is defined as the oral exposure of the root surface due to a displacement of the gingival margin apical to the cemento-enamel junction」「This review is an update of the original version that was published in 2009」「We included 48 RCTs in the review」「we assessed one as at low risk of bias, 12 as at high risk of bias and 35 as at unclear risk of bias」「The available evidence base indicates that in cases where both root coverage and gain in the width of keratinized tissue are expected, the use of subepithelial connective tissue grafts shows a slight improvement in outcome」「acellular dermal matrix grafts appear as the soft tissue substitute that may provide the most similar outcomes to those achieved by subepithelial connective tissue grafts」「Few data exist on aesthetic condition change related to patients' opinion and patients' preference for a specific procedure」
  4. Chambrone L, Botelho J, Machado V, Mascarenhas P, Mendes JJ, Avila-Ortiz G. Does the subepithelial connective tissue graft in conjunction with a coronally advanced flap remain as the gold standard therapy for the treatment of single gingival recession defects? A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Periodontol. 2022;93(9):1336-1352. PMID 35451068. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35451068/（取用 2026-08-06）。逐字 span：「Three electronic databases were searched up to September 30, 2021」「A total of 38 studies reporting on 830 patients and 1,265 GRD were included」「SCTG + CAF was ranked as the most efficient treatment approach for MRC, CRC, and KTW gain at 6 and 12 months after surgery, except for MRC at the 12-month follow-up where enamel matrix derivative plus CAF exhibited superior results」
  5. Stefanini M, Mounssif I, Figuero E, Zucchelli G, Sculean A, Cosgarea R. Esthetical and patient-reported outcomes after root coverage procedures for multiple gingival recessions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Periodontol 2000. 2025;99(1):21-41. PMID 42130372. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42130372/（取用 2026-08-06）。逐字 span：「up to May 2024」「A total of 32 randomized controlled trials involving 1012 patients and 3589 multiple gingival recessions were included」「Mean root coverage (MRC) reached 82.6% (95% CI: 71.3-93.9), and complete root coverage (CRC) was 62.7% (95% CI: 57.0-68.4)」「Postoperative pain was low across techniques (VAS 0-10 mean: 2.67; VAS 0-100 mean: 24.34)」「no significant correlation between MRC and patient esthetic perception」
  6. Cairo F, Barootchi S, Tavelli L, Barbato L, Wang HL, Rasperini G, Graziani F, Tonetti M. Aesthetic- And patient-related outcomes following root coverage procedures: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2020;47(11):1403-1415. PMID 32654220. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32654220/（取用 2026-08-06）。逐字 span：「Twenty-six RCTs with a total of 867 treated patients (1708 recessions) were included」「CTG-based techniques were also correlated with a greater patient satisfaction and morbidity」
  7. Antezack A, Ohanessian R, Sadowski C, Faure-Brac M, Brincat A, Etchecopar-Etchart D, Monnet-Corti V. Effectiveness of surgical root coverage on dentin hypersensitivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2022;49(8):840-851. PMID 35634650. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35634650/（取用 2026-08-06）。逐字 span：「Thirteen RCTs with a total of 701 patients (1086 recessions) were included」「The percentage of DH suppression was 70.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] [64.4-76.6]」「Success of surgical RC is associated with DH suppression」
  8. Barootchi S, Tavelli L, Zucchelli G, Giannobile WV, Wang HL. Gingival phenotype modification therapies on natural teeth: A network meta-analysis. J Periodontol. 2020;91(11):1386-1399. PMID 32392401. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32392401/（取用 2026-08-06）。逐字 span：「A total of 105 eligible RCTs were included」「95 pertaining to root coverage」「The analysis on root coverage procedures showed that all investigated techniques」「are able to significantly increase the GT, compared with treatment with flap alone」「KT was only significantly increased with the use of CTG or ADM」
  9. Carbone AC, Joly JC, Botelho J, Machado V, Avila-Ortiz G, Cairo F, Chambrone L. Long-term stability of gingival margin and periodontal soft-tissue phenotype achieved after mucogingival therapy: A systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2024;51(2):177-195. PMID 37963451. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37963451/（取用 2026-08-06）。逐字 span：「articles published up to 15 May 2023」「Graphical estimates including data from all RC procedures found an upward trend in recession depth (RD) increase over time」「Interventions involving the use of autogenous grafts, either SCTG or FGG, are associated with greater short-term KTW gain and lower RD increase over time」「the greater the KTW at 6-12 months after treatment, the more stable the gingival margin」
  10. Cafasso E, Baima G, Campagna A, Tavelli L, Aimetti M. Soft Tissue Augmentation Around Dental Implants: Techniques, Timing, and Comparative Efficacy-A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. J Periodontal Res. 2026;61(4):332-354. PMID 41858220. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41858220/（取用 2026-08-06）。逐字 span：「A total of 48 RCTs were included in the qualitative analysis, and 46 in the NMA」「For KTW gain, APF + free gingival graft (FGG) was the most effective treatment」「The choice of technique and graft material appears more critical than surgical timing」
  11. Sabri H, Tavelli L, Sheikh AT, Kalani K, Huang K, Zimmer JM, Wang HL, Barootchi S. Significance of peri-implant keratinised mucosa on implant health: An umbrella systematic review with evidence mapping and quantitative meta-meta-analysis. Int J Oral Implantol (Berl). 2025;18(1):13-30. PMID 40047360. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40047360/（取用 2026-08-06）。逐字 span：「Ten systematic reviews, published between 2012 and 2023, were included」「Significant effect sizes were found for mucosal recession, Gingival Index/modified Gingival Index, modified Plaque Index and marginal bone loss」「there is still a lack of sufficient evidence indicating the impact on bleeding on probing, pocket depth, implant survival and disease prevalence」
  12. Figueras-Alvarez O, López NQ, Montero J, Hernández NL, Flores-Fraile J. Postoperative complications at the palatal donor site following autologous soft tissue grafting: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2026;26(1):716. PMID 41832471. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41832471/（取用 2026-08-06）。逐字 span：「identifying 16 clinical studies published between 2019 and April 2025」「Postoperative pain was the most frequently reported complication and was commonly assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)」「Bleeding was reported less frequently and was generally self-limiting」「Sensory disturbances were typically mild and transient, resolving during routine follow-up」「No serious infections or complications compromising patient health were reported」「the overall strength of the available evidence remains moderate」
  13. Scott SMH, Lacy JA, Palaiologou AA, Kotsakis GA, Deas DE, Mealey BL. Donor site wound healing following free gingival graft surgery using platelet rich fibrin: A randomized controlled trial. J Periodontol. 2024;95(7):632-639. PMID 38884613. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38884613/（取用 2026-08-06）。逐字 span：「Seventy-four patients receiving free gingival grafts were randomized」「Patient pain assessment and analgesic consumption were documented using a 21-point numerical scale (NMRS-21) at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-surgery」「At 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-week follow-up appointments palatal early healing index (PEHI) scores including wound color, epithelialization, presence or absence of swelling, granulation tissue, and bleeding on gentle palpation」
  14. Javed F, Al-Rasheed A, Almas K, Romanos GE, Al-Hezaimi K. Effect of cigarette smoking on the clinical outcomes of periodontal surgical procedures. Am J Med Sci. 2012;343(1):78-84. PMID 21804361. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21804361/（取用 2026-08-06）。逐字 span：「Twenty-four clinical studies were included」「Cigarette smoking has a negative effect on periodontal wound healing after surgical interventions」
  15. Graziani F, Izzetti R, Perić M, Marhl U, Nisi M, Gennai S. Early periodontal wound healing after chlorhexidine rinsing: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2024;28(6):354. PMID 38833009. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38833009/（取用 2026-08-06）。逐字 span：「The usage of CHX-ADS following periodontal surgery improved early wound healing, reduced plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation」
  16. Chawla K, Goyal L. Root coverage with the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Med Probl. 2024;61(1):99-119. PMID 38445442. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38445442/（取用 2026-08-06）。逐字 span：「the restoration of NCCLs does not affect the percentage RC」
  17. 醫療法第 21 條，全國法規資料庫。https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawSingle.aspx?pcode=L0020021&flno=21（取用 2026-08-06，HTTP 200，逐字對得上）
  18. 醫療法第 22 條，全國法規資料庫。https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawSingle.aspx?pcode=L0020021&flno=22（取用 2026-08-06，HTTP 200，兩項逐字對得上）
  19. 醫療法第 63 條，全國法規資料庫。https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawSingle.aspx?pcode=L0020021&flno=63（取用 2026-08-06，HTTP 200，逐字對得上）
  20. 全民健康保險法第 51 條，全國法規資料庫。https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawSingle.aspx?pcode=L0060001&flno=51（取用 2026-08-06，HTTP 200，逐字對得上）
  21. 醫療法第 87 條，全國法規資料庫。https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawSingle.aspx?pcode=L0020021&flno=87（取用 2026-08-06，HTTP 200，兩項逐字對得上）
  22. 政府資料開放平臺，資料集 121913「臺北市醫療收費標準」。https://data.gov.tw/dataset/121913（取用 2026-08-06，HTTP 200；API `/api/v2/rest/dataset/121913` 回傳 title＝「臺北市醫療收費標準」）。另：健保署「醫材比價網」不含牙科之實測紀錄見 `km-compliance/VERIFIED-FACTS.md`（2026-08-05 OP 瀏覽器實測，本卡未重驗）。

内部引用链

发布闸门提醒：本卡为 draft。F28、F29 待验未清前不得标 published；四语（zh-Hans／en／ja）未产前不得进 km_entries。

FAQ

“牙龈补肉”和“植骨粉”是同一件事吗？
不是。补肉指软组织移植，植骨粉补的是牙槽骨等硬组织；两者的目的、术式和恢复期都不同。有些疗程会同时涉及，但在报价单上是不同项目。[F2]
「歯ぐきの肉を足す」と骨補填材は同じですか。 — いいえ。前者は軟組織移植、後者は歯槽骨など硬組織の補填です。目的・術式・回復期は異なり、同じ治療過程に両方が含まれても見積りでは別項目です。[F2]
Are “gum grafting” and bone graft material the same thing? — No. Gum grafting means soft-tissue grafting; bone-graft material augments hard tissue such as alveolar bone. Their aims, procedures, and recovery periods differ. A course of care may involve both, but they are different items on an estimate.[F2]
牙龈退了但不痛不痒，非做不可吗？
不一定。2018 年世界工作坊的相关综述指出，没有病灶时，针对特定位点进行监测似乎是适当做法；当病灶发生或进展风险升高，或为满足患者美观需求时，手术干预可能有适应证。是否需要手术须由牙医师评估。[F5·S1]
歯肉が下がっていても痛くなければ、必ず手術ですか。 — 必ずではありません。2018 年ワークショップ関連レビューは、病変がなければ特定部位のモニタリングを適切とし、病変発生・進行リスク上昇または審美的要望があるときに手術適応があり得ると記します。必要性は歯科医師が評価します。[F5·S1]
My gums have receded but do not hurt. Is surgery unavoidable? — Not necessarily. The related 2018 World Workshop review states that monitoring particular sites seems appropriate in the absence of pathology; surgery may have indications when the risk of pathology or progression is increased or to meet esthetic requirements. A dentist must assess whether surgery is needed.[F5·S1]
成功率有多高？会不会做了又退回去？
一篇纳入 32 篇随机试验的荟萃分析估计，平均根面覆盖 82.6%、完全根面覆盖 62.7%（人群为多发性牙龈萎缩）。[F10·S5] 长期随访的系统性综述则显示，萎缩深度随时间有上升趋势，使用自体移植者的增加幅度较小。[F14·S9] 这些是研究人群的估计值，个别结果因人而异。
成功率はどのくらいで、また下がりますか。 — 32 無作為試験のメタ解析は、複数歯肉退縮の人群で平均根面被覆 82.6%、完全根面被覆 62.7% と推定しました。[F10·S5] 長期系統的レビューは退縮深さ増加傾向と、自己移植でより小さい増加を示します。[F14·S9] これは研究人群の推定で、個人結果は異なります。
How high is the success rate? Could it recede again after surgery? — A meta-analysis of 32 randomized trials estimated 82.6% mean root coverage and 62.7% complete root coverage (in people with multiple gingival recessions).[F10·S5] A long-term systematic review found an upward trend in recession depth over time and a smaller increase with autogenous grafting.[F14·S9] These are estimates for study populations; individual results differ.

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引用本文

km 編輯部・《牙龈补肉手术：费用、保险、恢复期一次讲清｜證據鏈》・IDAEO 知識庫・2026-08-13・https://km.idaeo.ai/reports/dental-gum-graft-evidence

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更新 2026-08-13T14:17:18.024Z · server-rendered · four-language · IDAEO 知識庫