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假牙／牙套掉了，可以自己黏回去嗎？｜證據鏈

km 編輯部2026-08-13閱讀約 57 分鐘
#證據鏈#牙醫KM#台灣#牙套

本頁是〈假牙／牙套掉了，可以自己黏回去嗎？〉的事實單元帳：每一條主張對應的來源、證據等級、地域與期間、原文引句與限制，逐條攤開。

假牙／牙套掉了，可以自己黏回去嗎？｜證據鏈

F-Units（事實單元帳）

  • F1｜confidence: verified｜basis: internal_dataset｜period: 2025-03 至 2026-08 GSC｜geo: TW｜span: backlog #38「假牙掉了怎麼辦」「假牙掉了可以黏回去嗎」「牙套掉了可以黏回去吗」「牙套掉了怎麼辦」「固定式假牙掉了」「臨時假牙掉了」「臨時牙套掉了」「陶瓷牙套掉了」8 詞項合計曝光 99,993，跨 三站（含 1 個簡體變體）｜caveat: 曝光為資產級數字、非去重流量；發布轉檔時本條整條不輸出（內部數據不進可見層）
  • F2｜confidence: 結構性整理（編輯框架，非外部事實宣稱）｜basis: editorial_framework｜period: 2026-08-06｜geo: universal｜span: 「牙冠／牙橋／臨時牙冠／活動假牙」四路分流、「掉下來是結果不是原因」的提問框架、紅旗清單的編排順序、以及四種情況的操作提醒清單，皆為本站依 F3 至 F30 各來源整理的溝通用架構｜caveat: 非診斷工具、非分級判準，不取代牙醫師檢查
  • F3｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed（PMID 32293908，10 年文獻回顧）｜period: 檢索 2009-10-01 至 2019-10-31，2021 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「The Medline database was searched for cases of denture ingestion or aspiration from October 1, 2009, to October 31, 2019.」「Dentures are worn by 20% of the United Kingdom population for both physical and psychological symptoms associated with tooth loss. However, significant morbidity and mortality can result if dentures are swallowed or aspirated.」「Eighty-five patients were identified from 77 case reports.」「Complications were documented in 37.6% (n = 32) of patients with 2 cases resulting in death. Duration of symptoms over 1 day (P = .005) and delayed removal beyond 4 days post-ingestion (P = .017) was significantly associated with increased rates of complications. There was no significant association between complication rate and patient age, denture type, level of impaction, or radiolucency.」「Denture aspiration or ingestion can have serious consequences. Factors impacting complication rate revolve around early recognition and treatment.」｜caveat: 納入為個案報告之彙整（85 位病人來自 77 篇個案報告），屬選擇性發表之資料，不能用於估計發生率或個人風險；20% 為該文引述之英國假牙配戴比例、非台灣數字，本卡正文未引用該比例。2026-08-06 檢索未見更新版
  • F4｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed（PMID 27141998，個案報告）｜period: 2016 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「We present a case of a 66-year-old Caucasian man with acute respiratory distress. The patient had a history of multiple cerebrovascular accidents which resulted in left hemiplegia, swallowing problems, and aphasia.」「Dental prosthesis aspiration is a medical situation associated with a higher morbidity and mortality rate compared to ingested foreign bodies. It requires a high level of suspicion to ensure a timely diagnosis and life-saving treatment.」「In impaired adults with missing dental prostheses there should be extra awareness for this problem.」｜caveat: 單一個案報告，證據等級低；該病人另有多重共病並於治療後死於敗血症，不可歸因於單一因素；本卡僅引用其對「吸入比吞入更危險」與「功能受損成人應提高警覺」之陳述，且不得用來描述任何族群在吸入個案中的出現頻率（2026-08-06 CX 對抗審指出原稿寫成「病人常有」，已改寫為單一個案陳述）
  • F5｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed（PMID 20689240，單一機構回溯調查）｜period: 2008 會計年度資料，2010 刊出｜geo: universal（日本單一牙科醫院）｜span: 「Accidental ingestion accounted for about 30% of accidents that occurred at our hospital in fiscal 2008, but all ingested items were naturally excreted, and no accidental aspiration occurred. Accidental ingestion most frequently occurred when dental restorations were removed. Inlays and crowns were most frequently ingested」｜caveat: 單一機構、單一年度之院內事故調查，不可外推為一般發生率；情境為診間內由專業人員拆除修復體時，與居家自行重新配戴不同，本卡未以本條支持把在家戴回去說成誤吞誤吸的典型情境（2026-08-06 CX 對抗審指出原稿標題與歸屬過度，已改寫）
  • F6｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed（PMID 31153613，技術文章）｜period: 2020 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Accidental aspiration or ingestion of a crown is a risk during dental treatment. To prevent this, dental floss can be tied to a loop attached to the lingual surface of the crown.」｜caveat: 該文為牙科技術文章（dental technique），非臨床試驗；原文限定的場景是 during dental treatment（牙科治療期間），不涵蓋病人在家自行重新配戴，本卡未跨場景外推；本卡僅引用其對風險存在之陳述，未引用其 CAD-CAM 製作方法；文中所述之牙線防護為診療中的專業操作，非民眾可自行施行
  • F7｜confidence: verified｜basis: clinical_guideline（PMID 26862844，歐洲消化內視鏡學會 ESGE 成人上消化道異物取出臨床指引；PubMed pubtype 標示 Practice Guideline）｜period: 2016 刊出；版本時效查核（2026-08-06）：以 ESGE guideline foreign bodies upper gastrointestinal tract 與 foreign body ingestion 併 guideline[ti] 兩路檢索 PubMed，未見 ESGE 成人版之更新版，本篇為現行可引用版本｜geo: universal｜span: 「ESGE recommends diagnostic evaluation based on the patient's history and symptoms. ESGE recommends a physical examination focused on the patient's general condition and to assess signs of any complications (strong recommendation, low quality evidence).」「We recommend plain radiography to assess the presence, location, size, configuration, and number of ingested foreign bodies if ingestion of radiopaque objects is suspected or type of object is unknown (strong recommendation, low quality evidence).」「ESGE recommends computed tomography (CT) scan in all patients with suspected perforation or other complication that may require surgery (strong recommendation, low quality evidence).」「ESGE recommends clinical observation without the need for endoscopic removal for management of asymptomatic patients with ingestion of blunt and small objects (except batteries and magnets). If feasible, outpatient management is appropriate (strong recommendation, low quality evidence).」「ESGE recommends emergent (preferably within 2 hours, but at the latest within 6 hours) therapeutic esophagogastroduodenoscopy for foreign bodies inducing complete esophageal obstruction, and for sharp-pointed objects or batteries in the esophagus. We recommend urgent (within 24 hours) therapeutic esophagogastroduodenoscopy for other esophageal foreign bodies without complete obstruction (strong recommendation, low quality evidence).」｜caveat: 指引之建議對象為執行內視鏡的醫師，不是民眾自我處置的準則；原文各建議自載證據品質為低（low quality evidence）；指引未針對牙科修復體另立專章，本卡以「吞入異物」之通則引用
  • F8｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed（PMID 14623855，個案報告）｜period: 2003 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Diagnosing ingested dental prostheses can be difficult and delays in treatment may result in serious complications. Patients often present with a vague history and very few reliable clinical signs. In addition, the fact that dental plates are often radiolucent may lead to the diagnosis being overlooked with disastrous consequences.」｜caveat: 單一個案報告，刊出年代較早（2003）；其「假牙常為透 X 光」之陳述於 2024 與 2026 年之個案報告仍被重述（見 F9、F10），本卡以三筆並陳而非單筆支撐
  • F9｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed（PMID 39497187，個案報告）｜period: 2024 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Ingested dental prosthesis are susceptible to impaction in the gastrointestinal tract due to their sharp edges, size and contour. Delays in presentation arise from the lack of clear history of ingestion and misdiagnosis occurs due to the radiolucency of denture material on plain radiography.」｜caveat: 單一個案報告（氣管食道瘻管）；本卡未引用其手術重建方法，僅引用其對嵌頓機轉與延遲原因之陳述
  • F10｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed（PMID 41658801，個案報告）｜period: 2026 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Accidental denture ingestion, though rare, is a serious cause of acute abdomen. While most swallowed dentures pass through without complications, some can become impacted, leading to potentially severe complications. Diagnosis is challenging due to the radiolucent nature of dentures.」「A 70-year-old male presented with diffuse abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation after accidentally swallowing part of his dentures 10 days earlier.」「Elderly patients with acute abdominal symptoms and denture ingestion history should be suspected of complications. A high index of suspicion and prompt contrast-enhanced CT are crucial.」｜caveat: 單一個案報告；原文亦寫明多數吞入的假牙可自然通過而無併發症，本卡已在正文並陳此方向，未以個案渲染風險
  • F11｜confidence: verified（IADT 2020 乳牙外傷指引全文，2026-08-06 以 ego-browser 自 Wiley 開放取用全文實測取回，文字檔留存本機；同錨＝本站 KM-DENTAL-30 卡 F16）｜basis: clinical_guideline（International Association of Dental Traumatology 2020 指引三，Dent Traumatol 2020;36(4):343-359，DOI 10.1111/edt.12576；PubMed 條目見來源清單）｜period: 2020 現行版｜geo: universal｜span（取自全文 Table 12 乳牙脫出節，非 PubMed 摘要）: 「While avulsed teeth are most often lost out of the mouth, there is a risk that they can be embedded in soft tissues of the lip, cheek, or tongue, pushed into the nose, ingested or aspirated」／「If the avulsed tooth is not found, the child should be referred for medical evaluation to an emergency room for further examination, especially where there are respiratory symptoms」｜caveat: 原文脈絡為兒童乳牙外傷，不是牙冠或假牙脫落；本卡僅引用其「找不到脫落物＋呼吸道症狀＝轉急診」之處置原則，並在正文保留原始條件與族群限定，未擴大解釋
  • F12｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed（PMID 14719578，個案報告）｜period: 2003 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「This article describes how a man attempted to repair damage to his maxillary teeth with super glue. Such action is discouraged, however, because of possible adverse reactions in the hard and soft tissues.」｜caveat: 單一個案報告，證據等級低，且該摘要未載明具體不良反應之型態與嚴重度；本卡引用其結論句之立場（不建議），未推論任何損傷發生率
  • F13｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed（PMID 17987865，體外微拉伸黏結強度研究）｜period: 2007 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「The 24-hour repair strengths for PMMA ranged from 52% to 84% of original strength.」「Permabond (cyanoacrylate) to PMMA tested 47% of original strength after 24 hours of soaking and 26% of the 12-month soaked material strength.」｜caveat: 體外實驗、測的是牙科用假牙修補材料在實驗室條件下的界面強度，不是家用強力膠在口內的表現，兩者不可等同（本卡正文已明寫此界線）；所測為 6 種商用修補材料之一，非市售品項全覆蓋；本卡未引用其品牌間優劣結論
  • F14｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed（PMID 26877726，體外材料學研究）｜period: 2015 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「the mechanical strength of acrylic resin is not adequate for long-term clinical performance of dentures. Consequently, fracture is a common clinical occurrence, which often develops in the midline of the denture base.」｜caveat: 該句為研究之背景陳述、非其實驗結果；本卡未引用其各補強材料之彎曲強度結果，亦不作任何修補方式之建議
  • F15｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed（PMID 31118360，文獻回顧）｜period: 檢索 2018-11，2019 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Interim restoration protects abutment teeth and periodontal tissues until prosthetic treatment ends with the fabrication of a definitive prosthesis, restores and maintains the functions and morphology of the stomatognathic system, and preserves the occlusal contact relationship.」「However, because interim restorations are used only briefly, their importance in ensuring the success of definitive prostheses is often overlooked.」｜caveat: 敘述性回顧（Review pubtype），非統合分析；範圍限臼齒區之臨時修復體；本卡引用其功能定位陳述，不作臨床處置指示
  • F16｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed（PMID 33495043，前瞻臨床研究，12 年追蹤）｜period: 2022 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to analyze the mechanical and biologic behavior of zirconia partial FDPs in the anterior region over a 12-year follow-up period.」「Five FDPs had biologic complications (3 with secondary caries, 1 with periapical pathology, 1 with periodontal disease) and 9 had mechanical complications (7 with chipping and 2 with decementation).」「Five FDPs had to be replaced because of complete failure, the most frequent cause of failure being secondary caries (P=.003).」｜caveat: 樣本為 27 件前牙區飾瓷氧化鋯牙橋之單中心研究，樣本小且族群限定（前牙區、單一材質），不可外推至所有牙橋；本卡未引用其存活率數值
  • F17｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed（PMID 41650383，系統性回顧與統合分析）｜period: 檢索 2014-01 至 2024-12，2026-02-06 線上先行刊出＝本卡牙橋併發症面向檢索日期較新之現行版本（同錨＝本站 KM-DENTAL-23 卡 F19）｜geo: universal｜span: 「A systematic search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL (January 2014 to December 2024) identified relevant studies.」「In total, 41 studies, including 600 metal-ceramic and 1,532 all-ceramic FDPs, met the inclusion criteria.」「Overall, 71.0% of restorations remained complicationfree after 5 years.」「All-ceramic FDPs had higher rates of marginal caries and loss of retention than metalceramic FDPs.」｜caveat: 線上先行刊出版（online ahead of print），頁碼未定；為牙支撐多單位牙橋之族群層級估計，不可推估個別修復體；本卡正文僅引用「邊緣蛀牙與固持力喪失並列」之定性結論與納入研究數，未引用各材質存活率
  • F18｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed（PMID 36266078，5 年回溯臨床研究）｜period: 2016-01 至 2017-06 收案，平均追蹤 62.8 個月，2022 刊出｜geo: universal（中國單一醫學中心）｜span: 「Seventy-four patients, 25 men and 49 women with age of (38.8±10.2) years, participated in this study for a total of 101 CAD/CAM ceramic endocrowns after observation period of (62.8±12.0) months.」「There were 8 failed cases among 101 restorations, 5 were loss of retention, 2 were ceramic fracture and 1 was secondary caries respectively.」｜caveat: 單中心回溯研究、樣本 101 件，且族群限定為根管治療後臼齒之陶瓷嵌體冠，不可外推至所有牙冠；本卡僅引用其失敗型態之組成，未引用其存活率
  • F19｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed（PMID 34876103，回溯資料庫研究）｜period: 2015-03 至 2020-06 資料，2021 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Ceramic fracture in both FPDs and SCs (27.6% and 26.6%, respectively) and debonding in Vs (12.7%) were significant as the main reasons for failure (P = 0.000).」｜caveat: 資料來源為單一私人牙科中心之通報資料庫、由牙醫師自行登錄，通報型資料有低估與選擇偏誤；所有修復體皆為同一種二矽酸鋰材料，不可外推至其他材質；本卡未引用其存活率數值
  • F20｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed（PMID 38949036，系統性回顧與統合分析；同錨＝本站 KM-DENTAL-23 卡 F16）｜period: 2024 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「The prognostic tooth-related factors mentioned in the included studies were (i) remaining coronal tooth structure, (ii) ferrule, (iii) crown-to-root ratio (iv) tooth type and location (v) periodontal disease (vi) proximal contacts and (vii) cracks.」｜caveat: 預後因素部分為納入研究之敘述性整理、非統合估計；納入研究多為回溯性設計；齒裂（cracks）在本條是「預後因素清單」上的一項，不是 F16／F17／F18／F19 那幾份失敗統計表上的失敗型態，兩者性質不同、不得合併敘述（2026-08-06 CX 對抗審指出原稿在 FAQ 合併，已改寫）
  • F21｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed（PMID 34530058，系統性回顧與統合分析；同錨＝本站 KM-DENTAL-23 卡 F17）｜period: 檢索 2021-07，2021 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Failures for 0 remaining walls were 23% (95% CI = 10% - 36%) and for one remaining wall 15% (CI: 3% -26%), irrespective of follow-up times.」｜caveat: 族群限定＝以纖維柱心加單顆牙冠修復之根管治療後牙齒；本卡正文僅作方向性摘述、未引用其數值，完整讀法 canonical 在 KM-DENTAL-11
  • F22｜confidence: verified｜basis: clinical_guideline（PMID 29926939，2017 World Workshop 委託之敘述性回顧；同錨＝本站 KM-DENTAL-23 卡 F24）｜period: 2018 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Placement of restoration margins within the junctional epithelium and supracrestal connective tissue attachment can be associated with gingival inflammation and, potentially, recession.」「Procedures adopted for the fabrication of dental restorations and fixed prostheses have the potential to cause traumatic loss of periodontal supporting tissues.」｜caveat: 敘述性回顧、非統合分析；原文情境為牙醫師製作修復體之過程，本卡以此說明「位置與邊緣是牙周變因」，未將其直接等同於自行黏著之後果
  • F23｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed（PMID 34784027，傘狀回顧 umbrella review，納入 18 篇系統性回顧）｜period: 檢索 2000-01 至 2020-08，2022 刊出｜geo: universal｜span: 「Eighteen systematic reviews were included in total」「Selective removal of carious tissue particularly in deep carious lesions has significantly reduced the risk of pulp exposure (77% and 69% risk reduction with one-step selective caries removal and stepwise excavation, respectively).」「Minimal Intervention Dentistry techniques, namely 38% SDF, HT, selective removal of carious tissue, and ART for single surface cavity, appear to be effective in arresting the progress of dentinal caries in primary teeth when compared to no treatment, or conventional restorations.」｜caveat: 族群為乳牙，且所有技術皆為牙醫師在診斷後施行之處置；本條在本卡的用途是反向使用——用以說明本卡「不宣稱自行黏著會把蛀牙封起來繼續惡化」的理由，不得被讀成「自行封存病灶可行」
  • F24｜confidence: verified（2026-08-06 以 ego-browser 實載醫療器材分類分級查詢資料庫，以關鍵字「黏附」與「cement」兩路查詢皆命中同一品項，逐欄讀取代碼、中英文名稱、鑑別範圍與等級）｜basis: official_statement（衛生福利部食品藥物管理署委託建置之醫療器材分類分級查詢資料庫）｜period: 2026-08-06 查詢現況｜geo: TW｜span: 代碼 F.3275「牙科用水泥(士敏汀)」（Dental cement），鑑別範圍逐字：「牙科用水泥(士敏汀)用於作為牙齒的暫時性填補；或作為黏附暫時性牙科補綴物及牙冠或牙橋等牙科器材的基底層；或塗於牙齒上用來保護牙髓。此器材一般是由氧化鋅－丁香酚(zinc oxide-eugenol)組成。(1)第一等級: 主要作用成分為氧化鋅－丁香酚；(2)第二等級: 主要作用成分非為氧化鋅－丁香酚。」等級欄「1,2」，特定的管理規定欄「簡化審查(符合性聲明書), 製造廠精要模式」｜caveat: 該資料庫頁面自載「本網站為衛生福利部食品藥物管理署委託建置維護，內容僅供參考，如有差異以衛生福利部食品藥物管理署公告為準」；分類品項之鑑別範圍是器材的用途描述，不是臨床適應症判定，本卡不作法規適用判斷
  • F25｜confidence: verified（2026-08-06 以 ego-browser 實載同一資料庫，關鍵字「牙冠」查得 15 筆，逐筆讀取）｜basis: official_statement（同 F24 來源）｜period: 2026-08-06 查詢現況｜geo: TW｜span: 代碼 F.3330「成型牙冠」（Preformed crown），鑑別範圍逐字：「成型牙冠是由塑膠或由奧氏體(Austenitic)合金或含有75%以上黃金和鉑系金屬製成的成型器材，用於暫時附於被切削或破壞的自然牙冠(正常牙齒突出於牙齦上的部位)上，作為恢復功能之用，直到永久牙冠做好為止。此器材也可作為嚴重腐化的乳牙的恢復功能之用，直到恆牙長出為止。」等級欄「1」｜caveat: 同 F24；成型牙冠與診間或技工室製作之臨時冠不完全等同，本卡引用其用途描述以說明「臨時性修復體的定位」，非品項推薦
  • F26｜confidence: verified（2026-08-06 以 ego-browser 實載同一資料庫，關鍵字「假牙黏著劑」查得 6 筆、關鍵字「膠合」另查得 F.3400，逐筆讀取；同錨＝本站 KM-DENTAL-31 卡 F31）｜basis: official_statement（同 F24 來源）｜period: 2026-08-06 查詢現況｜geo: TW｜span: 假牙黏著劑相關品項含 F.3400、F.3410、F.3420、F.3450、F.3480、F.3490、F.3500；各品項鑑別範圍均載明其用途為「在假牙放入患者口腔之前塗於假牙基底以增加假牙之固持性和舒適性」（F.3400 之鑑別範圍逐字：「梧桐膠合硼酸鈉(含或不含阿拉伯樹膠)是含有梧桐膠和硼酸鈉但不一定含有阿拉伯樹膠之器材，用於在假牙放入患者口腔之前塗於假牙基底以增加假牙之固持性和舒適性。」）｜caveat: 同 F24；本條僅用以對照「用途寫的是活動假牙的固持與舒適」，不作任何產品之合法性判定，也不推薦或評價任何品牌；黏著劑之選用與使用方法 canonical 在 KM-DENTAL-31
  • F27｜confidence: verified（2026-08-06 以 ego-browser 實載全國法規資料庫、條文逐字比對；同錨＝本站 KM-DENTAL-31 卡 F32）｜basis: law｜period: 現行條文｜geo: TW｜span: 《醫療器材管理法》第 25 條第 1 項「製造、輸入醫療器材，應向中央主管機關申請查驗登記，經核准發給醫療器材許可證後，始得為之。但經中央主管機關公告之品項，其製造、輸入應以登錄方式為之。」｜caveat: 條文引述，非法律意見；個別產品之管理方式以主管機關公告為準
  • F28｜confidence: verified（2026-08-06 自 www-ws.gov.taipei 下載該表 PDF，HTTP 200、411,466 bytes，以 pdftotext -layout 抽取文字層後逐字比對）｜basis: official_statement（臺北市政府衛生局核定之「臺北市醫療機構牙科收費標準表」，核定日期 109 年 1 月 17 日、核定字號北市衛醫字第 1093010058 號；同錨＝本站 KM-DENTAL-03／11／13／23 卡）｜period: 該核定版本現況｜geo: TW｜span: 項次 2-51 診療項目「固定假牙粘著」「(每支台齒)」，單位「每顆牙」；公告內容欄逐字「1.本項費用包含操作技術費。」「2.不含診療費用。」「3.不包含牙體技術師/士費用。」「4.依黏著材料不同而有所差異。」｜caveat: 僅臺北市一縣市之核定版本，其他縣市另行公告；本卡不轉載表內任何金額。擷取方式聲明：該表為 PDF 表格，同一儲存格內容在文字層依欄寬換行（「固定假牙粘著」與「(每支台齒)」分屬兩行、單位「每顆」「牙」亦分行），本條所列為還原同一儲存格後之完整內容，各片段已逐段比對命中；以整串直接搜尋會因換行而查無，不代表不符
  • F29｜confidence: verified（同 F28 之 PDF 與抽取方式）｜basis: official_statement（同 F28 來源）｜period: 同 F28｜geo: TW｜span: 項次 2-31 診療項目「治療性暫時冠」，單位「每顆牙」；公告內容欄逐字「1.本項費用包含基本印模、調整及操作技術費用。」「2.不含診察費用。」「3.使用特殊儀器及器械需另外收費。」「4.本項費用包含牙體技術師/士費用。」「5.依使用材料及製作方式不同而有所差異。」「6.不含修補費用。」｜caveat: 同 F28；「治療性暫時冠」為收費分類名稱，非醫學定義條文
  • F30｜confidence: verified（同 F28 之 PDF 與抽取方式）｜basis: official_statement（同 F28 來源）｜period: 同 F28｜geo: TW｜span: 項次 2-44「義齒襯底」單位「每單顎」，公告內容欄含「3.依部分活動或全義齒、襯底材料等不同而有所差異。」；項次 2-45「義齒托板自凝樹脂修復」單位「每單顎每次」，公告內容欄含「4.依義齒拖板損壞程度、修復方式、材料等不同而有所差異。」；項次 2-46「義齒修復」單位「每顆牙」，公告內容欄含「4.依人工牙齒材質不同而有所差異。」｜caveat: 同 F28；原 PDF 文字層於 2-45 之公告內容欄印為「義齒拖板」（項目名稱欄為「義齒托板自凝樹脂修復」），本條照錄原文用字，未代為更正；本卡不轉載表內任何金額，費用組成 canonical 在 KM-DENTAL-13
  • F31｜confidence: verified（2026-08-06 以 ego-browser 實載全國法規資料庫、條文逐字比對；同錨＝本站多卡）｜basis: law｜period: 現行條文｜geo: TW｜span: 《全民健康保險法》第 51 條「下列項目不列入本保險給付範圍：……十一、義齒、義眼、眼鏡、助聽器、輪椅、拐杖及其他非具積極治療性之裝具。」｜caveat: 條文引述，非法律意見；個別診療項目之給付與否以健保署現行公告為準，本卡不作給付判定
  • F32｜confidence: verified（2026-08-06 以 ego-browser 實載全國法規資料庫、條文逐字比對；同錨＝本站多卡）｜basis: law｜period: 現行條文｜geo: TW｜span: 《醫療法》第 81 條「醫療機構診治病人時，應向病人或其法定代理人、配偶、親屬或關係人告知其病情、治療方針、處置、用藥、預後情形及可能之不良反應。」｜caveat: 條文引述，非法律意見
  • F33｜confidence: verified（2026-08-06 以 ego-browser 實載全國法規資料庫、條文逐字比對；同錨＝本站多卡）｜basis: law｜period: 現行條文｜geo: TW｜span: 《醫療法》第 87 條「廣告內容暗示或影射醫療業務者，視為醫療廣告。醫學新知或研究報告之發表、病人衛生教育、學術性刊物，未涉及招徠醫療業務者，不視為醫療廣告。」｜caveat: 條文引述，非法律意見；本卡之衛教定位依此條
  • F34｜confidence: verified（2026-08-05 由 OP 以 ego-browser 親驗，下拉選單類別逐項讀取；本卡未重複實測，沿用 km-compliance/VERIFIED-FACTS.md 之跨卡已驗事實）｜basis: official_statement｜period: 2026-08-05 查證現況｜geo: TW｜span: 衛生福利部中央健康保險署「醫材比價網」之兩個查詢軌（自付差額醫材比價、醫材收費比價）品項分類皆不含牙科，頁面全文無「牙」字｜caveat: 本卡未重複實測；官方資料庫可能更新，引用時請註明查證日期。牙科自費費用之查證管道為各縣市衛生局核定之牙科收費標準與院所書面報價
  • F35｜confidence: n/a｜basis: 證據缺口聲明（editorial，非待驗）｜period: 2026-08-06｜geo: universal｜span: 本次檢索未取得可引用證據、故本卡不寫的項目：①任何金額、區間或行情 ②「牙套掉了幾天內必須回診」之時效數字 ③重新黏著後的存活率或使用年限 ④牙冠或牙橋脫落在台灣的發生率統計 ⑤「自行黏著」與「不黏著」之頭對頭比較研究 ⑥牙冠脫落後牙齒敏感程度之量化資料｜caveat: 本條為證據缺口之誠實揭露，非待驗 claim；日後若取得可引用來源，須完成三件齊查證後才可補寫

來源清單

取用日期均為 2026-08-06。PubMed 條目以 E-utilities efetch（rettype=abstract）取得摘要原文逐字對照，並以 esummary 之 pubtype 逐筆檢查撤回狀態（20 筆全數無 Retracted Publication 標記、無 WITHDRAWN 標題）；IADT 指引以 ego-browser 自 Wiley 開放取用全文實測取回並留存文字檔；法規與主管機關頁面以 ego-browser 實載並逐字比對；臺北市牙科收費標準表以 curl 下載 PDF（HTTP 200、411,466 bytes）後以 pdftotext -layout 抽取文字層比對 [F28]。

  1. Daniels J, Oremule B, Tsang W, Khwaja S. A 10-Year Review of the Complications Caused by Ingested and Aspirated Dentures. Ear Nose Throat J. 2021;100(8):574-580. PMID 32293908
  2. De Wilde BA, et al. Dental prosthesis aspiration: An uncommon cause of respiratory distress. Acta Clin Belg. 2016;71(6):444-447. PMID 27141998
  3. Hisanaga R, et al. Survey of accidental ingestion and aspiration at Tokyo Dental College Chiba Hospital. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2010;51(2):95-101. PMID 20689240
  4. Lee JH. Design concept for preventing aspiration or ingestion of CAD-CAM crowns: A dental technique. J Prosthet Dent. 2020;123(2):220-222. PMID 31153613
  5. Birk M, et al. Removal of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract in adults: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Clinical Guideline. Endoscopy. 2016;48(5):489-496. PMID 26862844
  6. Firth AL, Moor J, Goodyear PW, Strachan DR. Dentures may be radiolucent. Emerg Med J. 2003;20(6):562-563. PMID 14623855
  7. Jesani H, Hundle A, Nankivell P, Kalkat M. The long lost denture: a rare case of an acquired, non-malignant tracheo-oesophageal fistula. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2024;19(1):621. PMID 39497187
  8. Marei AH, et al. Jejunal Perforation Caused by Accidental Denture Swallowing: A Case Report. Cureus. 2026;18(1):e101060. PMID 41658801
  9. Winkler S, Wood R, Facchiano AM, Bergloff JF. Esthetics and super glue: a case report. J Oral Implantol. 2003;29(6):286-288. PMID 14719578
  10. Leavitt C, Boberick KG, Winkler S. Microtensile bond strength of resin-resin interfaces after 24-hour and 2-month soaking. J Oral Implantol. 2007;33(5):310-314. PMID 17987865
  11. Heidari B, et al. Flexural Strength of Cold and Heat Cure Acrylic Resins Reinforced with Different Materials. J Dent (Tehran). 2015;12(5):316-323. PMID 26877726
  12. Miura S, et al. Importance of interim restorations in the molar region. J Oral Sci. 2019;61(2):195-199. PMID 31118360
  13. Solá-Ruiz MF, et al. Clinical outcomes of veneered zirconia anterior partial fixed dental prostheses: A 12-year prospective clinical trial. J Prosthet Dent. 2022;127(6):846-851. PMID 33495043
  14. Romandini P, Pjetursson BE, et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Evaluating the Survival, the Failure and the Complication Rates of Metal-Ceramic, Veneered and Monolithic All-Ceramic Tooth-Supported Multiple-Unit Fixed Dental Prostheses. Int J Prosthodont. 2026 Feb 6 (online ahead of print). PMID 41650383
  15. Kuang JX, et al. A 5-year retrospective study of computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing ceramic endocrowns in endodontically treated posterior teeth. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2022;57(10):1043-1047. PMID 36266078
  16. Abdulrahman S, et al. Evaluation of the clinical success of four different types of lithium disilicate ceramic restorations: a retrospective study. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):625. PMID 34876103
  17. The tooth survival of non-surgical root-filled posterior teeth and the associated prognostic factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J. 2024. PMID 38949036
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  22. 醫療器材分類分級查詢資料庫（衛生福利部食品藥物管理署委託建置維護）
  23. 醫療器材管理法 第 25 條（全國法規資料庫）
  24. 全民健康保險法 第 51 條（全國法規資料庫）
  25. 醫療法 第 81 條（全國法規資料庫）
  26. 醫療法 第 87 條（全國法規資料庫）
  27. 臺北市政府衛生局－收費標準：「臺北市醫療機構牙科收費標準表」(1090117核定)
  28. 跨卡已驗事實：`km-compliance/VERIFIED-FACTS.md`（健保署醫材比價網不含牙科，2026-08-05 OP 親驗）
  29. 內部數據：`analysis/reports/km-dental-backlog.md` #38 附錄（詞×站×曝光逐筆可對帳）
  30. 編輯框架與證據缺口：本站四路分流、紅旗編排與不寫清單（無外部來源，標示為結構性整理）

內部引用鏈

  • 假牙黏著劑的類型、效果與使用限制：假牙黏著劑怎麼選？可以黏多久？（KM-DENTAL-31）——分工聲明：黏著劑的品項分類、劑型比較、效果時長與含鋅風險屬該卡的 canonical 範圍，本卡只在「用途不同」這一點上引用，不重寫。
  • 牙冠是什麼、什麼情況需要做：假牙牙套（牙冠套）是什麼？缺牙能做牙套嗎？（KM-DENTAL-23）——分工聲明：牙冠的定義、適應症與名詞對照屬該卡的 canonical 範圍，本卡不重寫。
  • 真牙（不是假牙）掉了的急症分流：牙齒突然掉了一顆怎麼辦？（KM-DENTAL-30）——分工聲明：外傷性牙齒脫落的現場處置、保存介質與時效屬該卡的 canonical 範圍，本卡不重寫；本卡處理的是修復體（假牙、牙冠、牙橋）脫落。
  • 牙冠的費用組成與變因：做一顆牙冠（假牙牙套）要多少錢？（KM-DENTAL-11）
  • 活動假牙的費用、襯底與維護：活動假牙要多少錢？（KM-DENTAL-13）
發布閘門提醒：本卡為 draft。四語（zh-Hans／en／ja）未產前不得進 km_entries；F34 為沿用之跨卡已驗事實（本卡未重複實測），發布前若制度頁面有更新須重驗。

FAQ

牙套掉了，可以先用假牙黏著劑或三秒膠黏回去嗎？
**不建議。** 台灣主管機關的醫療器材品項表中，「假牙黏著劑」各品項的鑑別範圍寫的是塗於假牙基底以增加假牙之固持性和舒適性 [F26]，把牙冠或牙橋黏回牙齒上則屬於「牙科用水泥(士敏汀)」這一類品項的用途 [F24]——兩者不是同一件事。至於家用強力膠，文獻中的個案報告紀錄是不建議自行使用，因為可能對硬組織與軟組織造成不良反應 [F12]。更根本的理由是：文獻的失敗統計把固持力喪失與續發蛀牙、陶瓷斷裂並列記錄 [F16][F17][F18][F19]；**齒裂則不在這幾份失敗統計的同一張表上，它是另一份系統性回顧所列的預後因素，與剩餘齒質、環箍等條件同屬一組，性質不同** [F20]——**這不等於「掉了就一定有蛀牙」，而是說這些可能性需要檢查才能分開** [F2]。請把掉下來的東西收好、帶去診所。
クラウンが外れた。まず義歯接着剤や瞬間接着剤で戻してよい？ — **勧めません。** 台湾当局の医療機器品目表では、義歯接着剤は義歯床に塗って維持と快適性を増す用途です [F26]。クラウン又はブリッジを歯へ接着する用途は「牙科用水泥(士敏汀)」に記載されます [F24]。同じものではありません。家庭用強力接着剤については、症例報告が硬組織・軟組織の有害反応の可能性から自己使用を勧めません [F12]。失敗記録では維持力喪失、続発う蝕、セラミック破折が並列しています [F16][F17][F18][F19]。一方、亀裂は残存歯質やフェルールと同じ予後因子リストの項目で、これら失敗統計の同じ表の失敗型ではありません [F20]。脱落が必ずう蝕を意味するのではなく、可能性を診察で分ける必要があるという意味です。外れた物を保管し、診療所へ持参してください。
Can I first use denture adhesive or superglue to put a crown back? — **Not advised.** Taiwan's device records describe denture adhesive as applied to a denture base for retention and comfort [F26], while attaching crowns or bridges to teeth falls within the described use of dental cement [F24]. They are not the same thing. The superglue case report discourages self-use because of possible adverse reactions in hard and soft tissues [F12]. More fundamentally, failure records place loss of retention beside secondary caries and ceramic fracture [F16][F17][F18][F19]. Cracks are different: they are a prognostic-factor list item in another systematic review alongside remaining tooth structure and ferrule, not a failure form in those same tables [F20]. This does not mean a fallen crown certainly means caries; it means the possibilities need examination. Keep the item and take it to the clinic.
我不小心把牙套吞下去了，要緊嗎？
**先看呼吸：如果咳個不停、喘、呼吸困難、講不出話或胸痛，立刻就醫，不要先讀完這一段** [F4][F11][F2]。**沒有這些症狀的話，接下來的判斷仍然要讓醫師做，不是自己做。** 歐洲消化內視鏡學會指引建議依病史與症狀進行診斷評估；對於吞入鈍形小物件且無症狀者，可採臨床觀察而不需內視鏡取出（電池與磁鐵除外），可行時門診處理即為適當；但對造成完全食道阻塞的異物與位於食道的尖銳物，建議緊急（2 小時內、至遲 6 小時內）施行治療性內視鏡，其他食道異物則建議 24 小時內施行 [F7]。文獻回顧亦記錄，症狀持續超過 1 天或吞入後超過 4 天才取出，與併發症發生率上升顯著相關 [F3]。若出現吞嚥困難或吞不下去 [F7]，或腹痛、嘔吐、便祕 [F10]，請直接就醫。**胸口或喉嚨持續疼痛本卡也一併列入，但那是本站保守取向的編輯政策、不是上述來源逐字列出的判準** [F2]。
誤ってクラウンを飲み込んだ。大丈夫？ — **まず呼吸を見てください。せきが止まらない、喘鳴、息苦しさ、話せない、胸痛があれば、ここを読み終える前に直ちに受診してください** [F4][F11][F2]。これらがなくても、次の判断は自分ではなく医師が行います。ESGE は病歴・症状による評価を勧め、鈍い小物を飲み込み無症状なら観察を認めます（電池・磁石を除く）。ただし完全食道閉塞、食道内鋭利物では緊急内視鏡を、可能なら 2 時間以内、遅くとも 6 時間以内に、ほかの食道異物では 24 時間以内に勧めます [F7]。症例報告レビューでは症状 1 日超又は誤飲後除去 4 日超が合併症率上昇と有意に関連しました [F3]。嚥下困難・嚥下不能 [F7]、腹痛、嘔吐、便秘 [F10] があれば直ちに受診してください。胸・喉の持続痛も本記事は含めますが、これは保守的な編集方針で、上記資料の逐語の判定ではありません [F2]。
I accidentally swallowed my crown. Is it serious? — **Check breathing first: if you are coughing continuously, wheezing, short of breath, unable to speak, or have chest pain, seek medical care immediately—do not finish reading first** [F4][F11][F2]. If those symptoms are absent, the next assessment is still for a clinician, not you. ESGE recommends assessment from history and symptoms; asymptomatic ingestion of a blunt small object may be observed without endoscopic removal (except batteries and magnets), but complete oesophageal obstruction and sharp oesophageal objects need emergent endoscopy (within 2 hours if possible, no later than 6 hours), and other oesophageal foreign bodies need it within 24 hours [F7]. The case-report review associated symptoms over 1 day and removal over 4 days after ingestion with higher complication rates [F3]. Seek medical care for swallowing difficulty/inability [F7] or abdominal pain, vomiting, or constipation [F10]. Persistent chest or throat pain is also included here as conservative editorial policy, not a verbatim source criterion [F2].
假牙掉了找不到，需要去照 X 光嗎？
**這要由醫師決定，但「找不到」這件事一定要主動說。** 假牙基底材質常為透 X 光，平片可能看不到；文獻記錄，診斷吞入的假牙可能很困難，病人常只提供模糊病史與很少可靠的臨床徵象，加上假牙往往透 X 光，可能使診斷被忽略而造成嚴重後果 [F8]；另一份個案報告也記錄，吞入的假牙因銳緣、大小與外形容易嵌頓於消化道，延遲就診常源自缺乏明確吞入病史 [F9]。ESGE 指引對可能為 X 光可見物件或物件類型不明時，建議以平片評估其存在、位置、大小、形態與數量；懷疑穿孔或其他可能需手術的併發症時，建議電腦斷層 [F7]。若出現呼吸道症狀，請立即就醫 [F4][F11]（兩份來源的用語分別是「急性呼吸窘迫」[F4] 與「呼吸道症狀」[F11]；咳嗽、喘、呼吸困難是本站對「呼吸道症狀」的民眾層次說法，屬編輯用語 [F2]。[F11] 原文脈絡為兒童乳牙外傷，本卡僅引其處置原則並保留原始條件；成人假牙吸入另有 [F4] 個案文獻獨立支撐）。
義歯が外れて見つからない。X 線を撮る必要がある？ — **決めるのは医師ですが、「見つからない」と必ず伝えてください。** 義歯床は X 線透過性で単純 X 線に写らないことがあります。文献は診断の困難さ、曖昧な病歴、信頼できる臨床所見の少なさ、見落とし、鋭縁・大きさ・形状による消化管嵌頓、明確な誤飲歴がないことによる受診遅延を記録します [F8][F9]。ESGE は X 線不透過物が疑われるか物の種類が不明なら単純 X 線で存在・位置・大きさ・形・数を評価し、穿孔又は手術を要し得る合併症が疑われるなら CT を勧めます [F7]。気道症状があれば直ちに受診してください [F4][F11]。IADT は乳歯外傷の資料であり、本記事は救急紹介原則だけを使います。成人の義歯誤嚥には F4 の独立した症例根拠があります。
The denture is missing. Do I need an X-ray? — **A clinician decides that, but you must actively say that it is missing.** Denture bases may be radiolucent and a plain film may not show them. Case reports describe difficult diagnosis, vague histories, few reliable signs, missed radiolucent dentures, sharp-edged impaction, and delay when there is no clear ingestion history [F8][F9]. ESGE recommends plain radiography when a radiopaque object is suspected or the type is unknown, and CT when perforation or another possible surgical complication is suspected [F7]. With respiratory symptoms, seek medical care immediately [F4][F11]. The IADT source is about primary-tooth trauma; its only use here is its route-to-emergency principle, while adult denture aspiration has independent case evidence [F4].

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km 編輯部・《假牙／牙套掉了，可以自己黏回去嗎？｜證據鏈》・IDAEO 知識庫・2026-08-13・https://km.idaeo.ai/reports/dental-crown-fell-off-evidence

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更新 2026-08-13T14:17:05.266Z · server-rendered · four-language · IDAEO 知識庫