"How much does a 牙套 cost?" - first work out whether you mean braces or a crown｜證據鏈

"How much does a 牙套 cost?" - first work out whether you mean braces or a crown｜證據鏈

F-Units (fact ledger)

Each entry records confidence / basis / period / geo / verbatim span / caveat. Basis ladder: law > official_statement > clinical_guideline > peer_reviewed > textbook. English spans are the PubMed abstract text, reproduced verbatim from the zh-Hant master. For Taiwanese statutes the span quoted here is the official English rendering published in the Laws and Regulations Database of the Republic of China (Taiwan); the Chinese text is the authoritative version.

• F1｜confidence: verified｜basis: law (Taiwan Medical Care Act Article 21; Laws and Regulations Database, HTTP 200 on 2026-08-06)｜period: current text｜geo: TW｜span: "Standards for medical fees charged by the medical care institution shall be determined by the municipal or county(city)competent authority."｜caveat: the provision contains no amounts; this card quotes no approved amount.
• F2｜confidence: verified｜basis: law (Taiwan Medical Care Act Article 22; HTTP 200 on 2026-08-06)｜period: current text｜geo: TW｜span: "Receipts shall be made by medical care institutions for medical fees charged, which shall clearly state the item(s)and fee(s)." "Medical fees charged by medical care institutions shall not violate or exceed the standard for the fees, nor shall medical institutions charge for items without authorization."｜caveat: an administrative rule on charging, not legal advice on any individual case.
• F3｜confidence: verified｜basis: law (Taiwan Medical Care Act Article 81; HTTP 200 on 2026-08-06)｜period: current text｜geo: TW｜span: "When treating the patient, the medical care institution shall inform the patient or his/her legal agent, spouse, kin, or interested party of his/her condition, course of treatment, disposition, medication, expected condition, and possible ill effects."
• F4｜confidence: verified｜basis: law (Taiwan Medical Care Act Article 87, Paragraph 2; HTTP 200 on 2026-08-06)｜period: current text｜geo: TW｜span: "Publications of new medical knowledge or research results, health education for patients, or academic publications which do not involve solicitation for medical practices shall not be regarded as advertisements for medical care."｜caveat: the basis for this card's compliance positioning.
• F5｜confidence: verified｜basis: law (Taiwan National Health Insurance Act Article 51, subparagraph 3; HTTP 200 on 2026-08-06)｜period: current text｜geo: TW｜span: "Treatment of drug addiction, cosmetic surgery, non-post-traumatic orthodontic treatment, preventative surgery, artificial reproduction, and gender conversion surgery;"｜caveat: the provision lists items not covered; whether orthodontic treatment in an individual case counts as post-traumatic is determined by the current rules and review practice of Taiwan's National Health Insurance Administration, and this card makes no judgement on any individual case.
• F6｜confidence: verified｜basis: law (Taiwan National Health Insurance Act Article 51, subparagraph 11; HTTP 200 on 2026-08-06)｜period: current text｜geo: TW｜span: "Dentures, artificial eyes, spectacles, hearing aids, wheelchairs, canes, and other treatment equipment not required for positive therapy;"｜caveat: whether other procedures within a course of treatment (root canal treatment, for example) are covered follows the current announcements of Taiwan's National Health Insurance Administration.
• F7｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed (systematic review and meta-analysis, PMID 41489982)｜period: search window 2014-2024, published 2026｜geo: universal｜span:「Sixty-four studies met inclusion, reporting on 3,509 metal-ceramic and 8,051 all-ceramic SCs.」「Five-year survival rates were: 98.5% for monolithic lithium-disilicate reinforced glass-ceramic, 97.3% for veneered densely-sintered zirconia, 97.1% for metal-ceramic, 96.8% for monolithic densely-sintered zirconia, 95.7% for veneered leucite/lithium-disilicate reinforced glass-ceramic, 94.5% for densely-sintered alumina, 94.3% for glass-infiltrated alumina, 90.4% for feldspathic/silica-based ceramic.」「Monolithic lithium-disilicate and monolithic zirconia crowns showed significantly fewer ceramic fractures and chipping compared to veneered alternatives.」｜caveat: population-level five-year estimates with a mean follow-up condition of at least 3 years; not to be extrapolated to an individual prognosis, and not usable as a quality indicator for any clinic. The same anchor is used in KM-DENTAL-03.
• F8｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed (Cochrane systematic review, PMID 26403154, CD009109.pub3)｜period: searched to 2015-03-26, published 2015; an update of the 2012 original, and a check on 2026-08-06 found no later pub4｜geo: universal｜span:「The choice of restoration depends on the amount of remaining tooth, and may influence durability and cost.」「We included one trial, which was judged to be at high risk of performance, detection and attrition bias.」「There was no evidence available for any of our secondary outcomes: patient satisfaction and quality of life, incidence or recurrence of caries, periodontal health status, and costs.」「There is insufficient evidence to assess the effects of crowns compared to conventional fillings for the restoration of root-filled teeth.」｜caveat: one trial only, three years of follow-up, very low quality evidence; must not be rewritten as either "crowns are no better" or "crowns are better".
• F9｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed (systematic review and meta-analysis, PMID 26926017)｜period: published 2016｜geo: universal｜span:「Twenty-five studies were included after screening: 20 randomized controlled trials and 5 controlled clinical trials.」「The mean treatment duration derived from the 22 included studies involving 1089 participants was 19.9 months (95% confidence interval, 19.58, 20.22 months).」「The mean number of required visits derived from 5 studies was 17.81 (95% confidence interval, 15.47, 20.15 visits).」「Based on prospective studies carried out in university settings, comprehensive orthodontic treatment on average requires less than 2 years to complete.」｜caveat: drawn from prospective study populations in university settings, a limit the authors state themselves; not usable as a promise of duration for any individual, nor as a basis for comparing clinics.
• F10｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed (systematic review, PMID 38607436)｜period: searched to 2023-06, published 2024｜geo: universal｜span:「Out of the 3537 articles initially identified, ten eligible studies were included in this systematic review; six were RCTs.」「According to the GRADE, there is low evidence that treatment duration in mild to moderate crowding cases with clear aligners is similar to that in fixed orthodontic appliances.」「Meta-analysis was not administered due to high inconsistency.」「Based on currently available information, there was no significant difference in the treatment duration between the CA and FA groups in mild to moderate crowding cases.」｜caveat: restricted to mild to moderate crowding and mostly non-extraction cases; low certainty and no meta-analysis, so it cannot be generalised into "the two appliance types take the same time".
• F11｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed (Cochrane systematic review, PMID 37219527, CD002283.pub5)｜period: searched to 2022-04-27, published 2023; the current version (pub5) of the 2004 original as updated in 2016, and a check on 2026-08-06 found no later pub6｜geo: universal｜span:「Retention is achieved by fitting fixed or removable retainers to provide stability to the teeth while avoiding damage to teeth and gums.」「We included 47 studies, with 4377 participants.」「The evidence is low to very low certainty, so we cannot draw firm conclusions about any one approach to retention over another.」「More high-quality studies are needed that measure tooth stability over at least two years, and measure how long retainers last, patient satisfaction and negative side effects from wearing retainers, such as tooth decay and gum disease.」｜caveat: the review excluded studies of treatment with clear aligners; this card gives no advice on how long to wear a retainer.
• F12｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed (systematic review and meta-analysis, PMID 39717964)｜period: published 2025｜geo: universal｜span:「Fifty-seven studies involving 9101 patients (mean age of 16.4 years, 33.5% male) were included.」「Among orthodontic patients, the pooled prevalence of WSLs was 55.06% (95% CI: 47.7%, 63.6%: 42 studies), incidence was 34.2% (95% CI: 27.6%, 40.6%: 44 studies) and surface prevalence was 26.9% (6 studies; 95% CI: 13.8%, 39.8%).」「Among non-treated patients, the pooled prevalence of WSLs was 29.1% (95% CI: 17.2%, 41.1%; 21 studies).」「Prevalence of WSLs increased with longer treatment duration (p < 0.001)」｜caveat: prevalence and incidence are different measures and are labelled separately where this card puts them side by side; the untreated population already carries a substantial proportion of lesions, and the control figure must not be dropped when reading this.
• F13｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed (Cochrane systematic review, PMID 31742669, CD003809.pub4)｜period: searched to 2019-02-01, published 2019; the second update of the 2004 original, previously updated in 2013｜geo: universal｜span:「Early dental decay or demineralised lesions (DLs, also known as white spot lesions) can appear on teeth during fixed orthodontic (brace) treatment.」「This update includes 10 studies and contains data from nine studies, comparing eight interventions, involving 1798 randomised participants (1580 analysed).」「This is the second update of the Cochrane Review first published in 2004 and previously updated in 2013.」｜caveat: this card cites only its background statement of risk and its study size, and quotes no fluoride concentration or frequency of use as advice, so as not to constitute a medication or product instruction.
• F14｜confidence: verified｜basis: peer_reviewed (systematic review and meta-analysis, PMID 36206494)｜period: published 2022｜geo: universal｜span:「External apical root resorption (EARR) is a serious complication that should be avoided during orthodontic treatment; this pathology depends on multiple factors.」「Evidence suggests that EARR induced by orthodontic treatment is similar, regardless of the technique used.」「There is less EARR associated with orthodontic treatment in endodontically treated teeth than in vital teeth.」「These conclusions should be considered with caution due to the low certainty of the evidence.」｜caveat: the authors themselves state that certainty is low; this card discloses the risk only and draws no conclusion about one technique being better than another.
• F15｜confidence: verified｜basis: official_statement (notice of the Taipei City Department of Health plus the dataset on Taiwan's open data platform)｜period: approved 1090117 in the ROC calendar; pages loaded with ego-browser on 2026-08-06, titles matching verbatim and the page text containing 1090117｜geo: TW｜span (page title, Traditional Chinese as published): 「臺北市政府衛生局-收費標準-「臺北市醫療機構牙科收費標準表」(1090117核定)」; dataset title 「臺北市醫療收費標準 ｜ 政府資料開放平臺」 (dataset 121913)｜caveat: a verified example for one city only; other cities and counties publish separately. This card quotes no amount from it.
• F16｜confidence: verified｜basis: official_statement (browser test by this site)｜period: re-checked with ego-browser on 2026-08-06 (first checked 2026-08-05, the same anchor as F17 in KM-DENTAL-03)｜geo: TW｜test record: the device category dropdown on the differential-payment comparison page (INAE2011S01) held 12 entries (partial payment for prostheses; drug-eluting coronary stents; special-function intraocular lenses; special-function cardiac pacemakers; special-material hip prostheses; special-material bioprosthetic heart valves; cerebrospinal fluid shunt systems; drug-eluting devices for superficial femoral artery stenosis; special-function catheters for complex cardiac arrhythmia; special-function and special-material intramedullary nail sets; special-material suture anchors; special-function and special-material spinal interbody cages); the surgery-and-procedure category dropdown on the device-fee comparison page (INAE2012S01) held 8 entries (cardiovascular surgery and procedures; bone and neurosurgery procedures; digestive system surgery and procedures; ophthalmic surgery and procedures; endoscopic surgery; devices used during surgery; dressings; other); the document.body.innerText of neither page contained the character 牙｜caveat: the state of the data on the day of testing; the official database may be updated, so cite the verification date.
• F17｜confidence: verified｜basis: internal data (Google Search Console; not a medical basis)｜period: data window 2025-03 to 2026-08｜geo: TW｜the query family for this topic comprises 6 terms across 2 sites and is reconcilable line by line; the identical string 牙套價格 maps to a crown scenario on one site and an orthodontic scenario on the other, and that is the data basis for treating this card as a disambiguation card. The selection figures stay in the draft frontmatter and internal files and do not enter the visible layer on publication (ruling of 2026-08-05).
• F18｜no external source｜editorial framework (structural, not a factual claim)｜the three sorting questions, the itemisation frameworks for branches A and B, and the eight checklist questions are an explanatory structure defined by this site so that quotations can be lined up. They are not a diagnostic tool, not an official classification and not a clinical guideline. (Ruling of 2026-08-05: editorial structure is labelled as such and must not be labelled "pending verification", which would manufacture fake verification work.)
• F19｜no external source｜evidence-gap statement (editorial, not pending verification)｜this card does not provide: (1) any amount or price range; (2) a promise of the number of months treatment will take (the literature gives a population average, see F9); (3) how long a retainer should be worn (F11 states the certainty is low); (4) advice on fluoride or any product (see the F13 caveat); (5) legal opinion on warranty terms or insurance claims (a matter of contract and policy wording).

How to find a clinic that provides this service

This site lists no clinics and does not recommend, rate or compare any medical institution.

To find a clinic that provides this service, use the following official lookup channels yourself —

they are maintained by the competent authorities and are more current than any list:

>

- The Ministry of Health and Welfare's medical-institution lookup: search by city or county,

township and specialty (dentistry) for institutions that have completed practice registration.

The results show the institution's name, address and registered specialty. This is the first place

to confirm whether a clinic is lawfully registered.

- The National Health Insurance Administration's contracted-institution lookup: check whether a

clinic is under contract with National Health Insurance. This determines which items are covered

and which are self-paid, and therefore what kind of fee explanation you will be given.

>

Both systems are on the respective authorities' official websites; searching for the

medical-institution lookup or the contracted-institution lookup will find them. This site does not

reproduce the URLs, because they change; use whichever entry point the authority currently publishes.

>

In an emergency, do not spend time looking up lists. If your breathing, swallowing or speech is

affected, or swelling is spreading, go to the nearest emergency department.

Chinese labels to look for on the official pages

These official systems, datasets and files are published in Chinese only. The English names above are this site's renderings; on the page itself you will see the following strings, so search for these:

>

- 「上健保署比價網查牙套價格」

- 「醫事機構查詢」

- 「特約醫事機構查詢」

- 「特約院所查詢」

Compliance notice

This is health education information under Article 87 of Taiwan's Medical Care Act [F4·S13]. It is not a medical advertisement, it does not recommend any particular clinic, and it provides no amount and no price range. A crown involves irreversible removal of tooth structure and orthodontic treatment is a long course of care; both have their own indications, risks and contraindications. The actual treatment method and its results vary from person to person and must be assessed by a dentist. This card also gives no legal opinion on insurance claims or contract terms; such questions turn on the policy and the contract.

Sources

• S1 Pjetursson BE, Pitta J, Balet A, Bjarnadottir GR, Sailer I, Romandini P. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Evaluating the Survival, Failure, and Complication Rates of Metal-Ceramic, Veneered, and Monolithic All-Ceramic Tooth-Supported Single Crowns-Part 1. Int J Prosthodont. 2026;39(3):308-324. PMID 41489982. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41489982 (retrieved 2026-08-06 by efetch; abstract matches verbatim)
• S2 Sequeira-Byron P, Fedorowicz Z, Carter B, Nasser M, Alrowaili EF. Single crowns versus conventional fillings for the restoration of root-filled teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(9):CD009109. PMID 26403154. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26403154 (retrieved 2026-08-06 by efetch; abstract matches verbatim; pub3 is the update of the 2012 original)
• S3 Tsichlaki A, Chin SY, Pandis N, Fleming PS. How long does treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances last? A systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;149(3):308-18. PMID 26926017. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26926017 (retrieved 2026-08-06 by efetch; abstract matches verbatim)
• S4 Alhamwi AM, Burhan AS, Idris MI, Nawaya FR. Duration of orthodontic treatment with clear aligners versus fixed appliances in crowding cases: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig. 2024;28(5):249. PMID 38607436. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38607436 (retrieved 2026-08-06 by efetch; abstract matches verbatim)
• S5 Martin C, Littlewood SJ, Millett DT, Doubleday B, Bearn D, Worthington HV, Limones A. Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;5(5):CD002283. PMID 37219527. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37219527 (retrieved 2026-08-06 by efetch; abstract matches verbatim; pub5 is the current version and no pub6 was found on 2026-08-06)
• S6 Hussain U, Wahab A, Kamran MA, et al. Prevalence, Incidence and Risk Factors of White Spot Lesions Associated With Orthodontic Treatment - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2025;28(2):379-399. PMID 39717964. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39717964 (retrieved 2026-08-06 by efetch; abstract matches verbatim)
• S7 Benson PE, Alshawy E, Parkin N, et al. Fluorides for preventing early tooth decay (demineralised lesions) during fixed brace treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;11(11):CD003809. PMID 31742669. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31742669 (retrieved 2026-08-06 by efetch; abstract matches verbatim; pub4 is the second update of the 2004 original)
• S8 Villaman-Santacruz H, Torres-Rosas R, Acevedo-Mascarúa AE, Argueta-Figueroa L. Root resorption factors associated with orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Med Probl. 2022;59(3):437-450. PMID 36206494. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36206494 (retrieved 2026-08-06 by efetch; abstract matches verbatim)
• S9 National Health Insurance Act, Article 51 (Laws and Regulations Database of the Republic of China (Taiwan)). law.moj.gov.tw pcode=L0060001 flno=51 (retrieved 2026-08-06, HTTP 200; subparagraphs 3 and 11 match verbatim). English rendering quoted from the official English edition in the same database, law.moj.gov.tw/ENG pcode=L0060001 (retrieved 2026-08-06, HTTP 200). The Chinese text is the authoritative version.
• S10 Medical Care Act, Article 21 (Laws and Regulations Database of the Republic of China (Taiwan)). law.moj.gov.tw pcode=L0020021 flno=21 (retrieved 2026-08-06, HTTP 200; text matches verbatim). English rendering from the official English edition, law.moj.gov.tw/ENG pcode=L0020021 (retrieved 2026-08-06, HTTP 200).
• S11 Medical Care Act, Article 22 (Laws and Regulations Database of the Republic of China (Taiwan)). law.moj.gov.tw pcode=L0020021 flno=22 (retrieved 2026-08-06, HTTP 200; text matches verbatim). English rendering from the official English edition (retrieved 2026-08-06).
• S12 Medical Care Act, Article 81 (Laws and Regulations Database of the Republic of China (Taiwan)). law.moj.gov.tw pcode=L0020021 flno=81 (retrieved 2026-08-06, HTTP 200; text matches verbatim). English rendering from the official English edition (retrieved 2026-08-06).
• S13 Medical Care Act, Article 87 (Laws and Regulations Database of the Republic of China (Taiwan)). law.moj.gov.tw pcode=L0020021 flno=87 (retrieved 2026-08-06, HTTP 200; text matches verbatim). English rendering from the official English edition (retrieved 2026-08-06).
• S14 Taipei City Department of Health, fee standards: 「臺北市醫療機構牙科收費標準表」(1090117核定). health.gov.taipei fee standards page (retrieved 2026-08-06, loaded with ego-browser; page title and page text match verbatim)
• S15 Taiwan open data platform dataset 「臺北市醫療收費標準」 (dataset 121913). data.gov.tw/dataset/121913 (retrieved 2026-08-06, loaded with ego-browser; title matches verbatim)
• S16 National Health Insurance Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare: differential-payment device comparison page and device-fee comparison page. info.nhi.gov.tw INAE2011S01, info.nhi.gov.tw INAE2012S01 (retrieved 2026-08-06, loaded with ego-browser; the dropdown category lists and the page text are recorded verbatim in F16)　[On the official page the label appears in Chinese only: 「醫材比價網」]
• S17 Internal data: `analysis/reports/km-dental-backlog.md`, appendix and sampling recalculation for topic 8 (full Search Console data for 14 clinic sites, data window 2025-03 to 2026-08); 6 query terms across 2 sites, reconcilable line by line. Not a medical basis; used only for topic selection and for establishing the ambiguity.
• S18 Editorial framework (no external source): the sorting questions, the A/B itemisation structure and the checklist in this card - see F18 and F19.

Internal citation chain

• Full cost reading for the crown branch: How much does one fixed denture cost? First work out whether you need a crown or a bridge (KM-DENTAL-03, draft). That card divides further into single crowns, bridges and implant-supported prostheses, with survival literature for each material; it shares the F7 material anchor and the same set of Taiwanese institutional anchors with this card.
• If what you are actually asking about is implants: What does one dental implant cost? There is no fixed price, but you can learn to read the quotation (KM-DENTAL-09, draft). The crown on top of an implant is also often called a 牙套; its cost components are in that card.
• A procedure that may come first when there is not enough tooth structure: What is crown lengthening? Cost, insurance, and whether it hurts (KM-DENTAL-17, draft).
• The re-check of the NHIA device comparison site recorded in F16 on 2026-08-06 agrees with the first check recorded as F17 in KM-DENTAL-03 on 2026-08-05.