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Large parrots｜10 common diseases (cause → signs → examination → treatment direction → prevention)
The 10 common diseases of large parrots (African grey／macaw／cockatoo) gathered into one table: 腺胃擴張症 PDD (Proventricular Dilatation Disease), 非洲灰鸚鵡低血鈣症候群 Hypocalcemia syndrome, 拔羽與自殘行為 Feather destructive behavior / self-mutilation, 麴菌病 Aspergillosis, 鸚鵡披衣菌病 Chlamydiosis, 重金屬中毒（鉛／鋅） Heavy metal toxicosis, 咬合創傷／異物性損傷 Traumatic injury, 心臟疾病（動脈粥狀硬化相關） Cardiovascular disease, 卡蛋／輸卵管阻塞 Egg binding, and 肥胖與脂肪肝 Obesity / Hepatic lipidosis. Each row lists cause, signs, examination, treatment direction and prevention, with the treatment direction given only as a category and never as a dose. It suits sorting out which direction an abnormality points in, or checking against the table when taking on a new bird.
Large parrots｜10 common diseases (cause → signs → examination → treatment direction → prevention)
This content is compiled from the disease table for large parrots (African grey／macaw／cockatoo) in the birds chapter of the veterinary animal encyclopedia. The same sign calls for different handling in different species, and copying what is done for another species can be harmful — first confirm which animal you are dealing with.
| # | Disease (Chinese／English) | Cause | Signs | Examination | Treatment direction | Prevention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 腺胃擴張症 PDD (Proventricular Dilatation Disease) | Suspected to be associated with avian bornavirus | Chronic vomiting, weight loss, poor digestion, neurological signs | PCR, imaging, biopsy | Supportive care; no specific drug; needs long-term veterinary management | Quarantine new birds, avoid mixing in birds of unknown origin |
| 2 | 非洲灰鸚鵡低血鈣症候群 Hypocalcemia syndrome | Long-term inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D3 | Seizures, inability to stand, increased fracture risk | Blood calcium testing | An emergency; calcium supplementation requires veterinary prescription and monitoring | Balanced diet with sufficient calcium sources and appropriate light exposure |
| 3 | 拔羽與自殘行為 Feather destructive behavior / self-mutilation | Medical factors interwoven with severe social deprivation and boredom; large parrots are more likely to progress to self-mutilation | Extensive feather loss with exposed skin, even bite wounds into muscle | A veterinarian must first rule out medical causes | Combined medical and behavioural professional intervention needed | Intensive environmental enrichment, regular social interaction |
| 4 | 麴菌病 Aspergillosis | Aspergillus infection of the respiratory tract／air sacs | Laboured breathing, change of voice, reduced activity | Endoscopy, imaging | Antifungal medication requires a prescription; long course | Good ventilation, avoid damp mouldy bedding |
| 5 | 鸚鵡披衣菌病 Chlamydiosis | Chlamydia infection | Lethargy, respiratory discharge, green urate droppings | Serology／PCR | Antibiotics require a prescription (zoonotic) | Quarantine, environmental hygiene |
| 6 | 重金屬中毒（鉛／鋅） Heavy metal toxicosis | Chewing lead-containing objects and galvanised metal (large parrots bite hard, so exposure risk is higher) | Seizures, lethargy, green watery droppings | Blood lead／zinc testing, radiography | Detoxification treatment requires veterinary prescription; an emergency | Remove sources of metallic foreign bodies, use bird-safe cage fittings |
| 7 | 咬合創傷／異物性損傷 Traumatic injury | Cockatoos and macaws bite hard; damaged cage fittings and toys cause injuries | Traumatic bleeding, fractures | Visual examination, radiography | Wound management and analgesia require veterinary prescription | Regularly check cage fittings and toys for wear |
| 8 | 心臟疾病（動脈粥狀硬化相關） Cardiovascular disease | Long-term high-fat diet, lack of exercise, ageing | Reduced activity, laboured breathing | Auscultation, imaging, electrocardiography | Long-term veterinary management needed | Dietary control, moderate flight exercise |
| 9 | 卡蛋／輸卵管阻塞 Egg binding | Same as group A | Same as group A | Same as group A | An emergency | Same as group A |
| 10 | 肥胖與脂肪肝 Obesity / Hepatic lipidosis | High-oil seed diet, insufficient space for activity | Obesity, reduced activity | Blood biochemistry | Dietary adjustment plus medication requiring a prescription | Balanced diet, sufficient flight space |
The 10 rows above are transcribed cell by cell from the original encyclopedia chapter, neither rewritten nor condensed; treatment directions give only the category, never a drug name or dose, and medication must be prescribed by a veterinarian. The line number and content hash of each row in the original chapter are given in the evidence chain at the end.
Limits of this content
This content comes from the birds chapter of the veterinary encyclopedia (see the evidence chain for the original location and content hash). The sources at the end are the authoritative materials cited by that chapter; the correspondence is at chapter level, which does not mean every sentence is traced sentence by sentence back to a given source. This material is for education and cannot replace diagnosis and prescription by a practising veterinarian; in an emergency, seek veterinary care immediately. This text has not been clinically reviewed by a named veterinarian.
FAQ
- What is 非洲灰鸚鵡低血鈣症候群 Hypocalcemia syndrome, and what should make me look for a vet straight away?
- Long-term inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D3. It presents as seizures, inability to stand and increased fracture risk. The handling direction is that it is an emergency, and calcium supplementation requires veterinary prescription and monitoring. This row belongs to the type in the original chapter that needs prompt handling; the actual judgement still rests with a veterinarian assessing the individual case, and this text gives no drug names or doses.
- 非洲灰鸚鵡低血鈣症候群 Hypocalcemia syndrome とは何ですか。何が見えたらすぐ獣医師を呼ぶべきですか。 — カルシウムとビタミン D3 の長期的な摂取不足です。痙攣、起立不能、骨折リスクの増大が現れます。対処の方向性は、急症でありカルシウム補給は獣医師の処方と監視が必要ということです。この行は元の章では速やかな対応を要する類型に属します。実際の判断は獣医師が個々の症例に応じて評価する必要があり、本文は薬剤名と用量を書きません。
- What is 非洲灰鸚鵡低血鈣症候群 Hypocalcemia syndrome, and what should make me look for a vet straight away? — Long-term inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D3. It presents as seizures, inability to stand and increased fracture risk. The handling direction is that it is an emergency, and calcium supplementation requires veterinary prescription and monitoring. This row belongs to the type in the original chapter that needs prompt handling; the actual judgement still rests with a veterinarian assessing the individual case, and this text gives no drug names or doses.
- What is 重金屬中毒（鉛／鋅） Heavy metal toxicosis, and what should make me look for a vet straight away?
- Chewing lead-containing objects and galvanised metal (large parrots bite hard, so exposure risk is higher). It presents as seizures, lethargy and green watery droppings. The handling direction is that detoxification treatment requires a veterinary prescription and it is an emergency. This row belongs to the type in the original chapter that needs prompt handling; the actual judgement still rests with a veterinarian assessing the individual case, and this text gives no drug names or doses.
- 重金屬中毒（鉛／鋅） Heavy metal toxicosis とは何ですか。何が見えたらすぐ獣医師を呼ぶべきですか。 — 鉛を含む物品や亜鉛メッキの金属をかじることです（大型オウムは咬合力が強く、接触リスクがより高い）。痙攣、元気消失、緑色の水様便が現れます。対処の方向性は、解毒治療は獣医師の処方が必要で、急症にあたるということです。この行は元の章では速やかな対応を要する類型に属します。実際の判断は獣医師が個々の症例に応じて評価する必要があり、本文は薬剤名と用量を書きません。
- What is 重金屬中毒（鉛／鋅） Heavy metal toxicosis, and what should make me look for a vet straight away? — Chewing lead-containing objects and galvanised metal (large parrots bite hard, so exposure risk is higher). It presents as seizures, lethargy and green watery droppings. The handling direction is that detoxification treatment requires a veterinary prescription and it is an emergency. This row belongs to the type in the original chapter that needs prompt handling; the actual judgement still rests with a veterinarian assessing the individual case, and this text gives no drug names or doses.
- What is 卡蛋／輸卵管阻塞 Egg binding, and what should make me look for a vet straight away?
- Same as group A. It presents as the same as group A. The handling direction is that it is an emergency. This row belongs to the type in the original chapter that needs prompt handling; the actual judgement still rests with a veterinarian assessing the individual case, and this text gives no drug names or doses.
- 卡蛋／輸卵管阻塞 Egg binding とは何ですか。何が見えたらすぐ獣医師を呼ぶべきですか。 — A グループと同じです。A グループと同じ症状が現れます。対処の方向性は、急症にあたるということです。この行は元の章では速やかな対応を要する類型に属します。実際の判断は獣医師が個々の症例に応じて評価する必要があり、本文は薬剤名と用量を書きません。
- What is 卡蛋／輸卵管阻塞 Egg binding, and what should make me look for a vet straight away? — Same as group A. It presents as the same as group A. The handling direction is that it is an emergency. This row belongs to the type in the original chapter that needs prompt handling; the actual judgement still rests with a veterinarian assessing the individual case, and this text gives no drug names or doses.
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獸醫百科編輯部・《Large parrots｜10 common diseases (cause → signs → examination → treatment direction → prevention)》・IDAEO 知識庫・2026-08-13・https://km.idaeo.ai/post/vet/large-parrot-diseasesUpdated 2026-08-14