km.idaeo.ai · IDAEO 知識庫

🏛 Part of the "reports" topic shelf

How much does periodontal treatment cost? Does it hurt, and how long does it take? Read a quote by splitting treatment into five stages|證據鏈

本頁是〈How much does periodontal treatment cost? Does it hurt, and how long does it take? Read a quote by splitting treatment into five stages〉的事實單元帳:每一條主張對應的來源、證據等級、地域與期間、原文引句與限制,逐條攤開。

How much does periodontal treatment cost? Does it hurt, and how long does it take? Read a quote by splitting treatment into five stages|證據鏈

F-Units (fact-unit ledger)

Each entry identifies its source, confidence, basis, period, geo, and caveat. Basis hierarchy: law > official_statement > clinical_guideline > peer_reviewed > textbook.

  • F1|confidence: verified|basis: internal_dataset (S29, not a medical claim)|period: GSC retention window (from 2025-03-22)|geo: TW|Topic-selection basis = full reconciliation of search data from 14 clinic sites, 4 query terms, one site; auditable item by item. The placement list follows column #48 of the production-queue page; no additions or deletions|caveat: Impressions are asset-level numbers, not deduplicated traffic; internal data, and this whole entry is omitted in the publication conversion.
  • F2 [structural organization]|confidence: n/a|basis: editorial (S30, not a fact claim; must not be marked pending verification)|geo: universal|This card’s five-stage framework; its three-question split (how it is composed / whether it hurts / how long it takes); the scope boundaries with the gum-swelling-and-pain, scaling-frequency, alveolar-bone, gingival-recession, water-laser, and full-mouth-reconstruction cards; and the position “give questions, not a total number of days” are this site’s editorially defined explanatory structure. They are not any authority’s fee-item classification and contain no amount|caveat: Not a diagnostic tool or clinical guideline; does not replace dentist assessment.
  • F3 [evidence-gap statement]|confidence: n/a|basis: editorial (not pending verification)|geo: TW|This search did not obtain citable evidence for the following, so this card does not state: ① any amount, range, or market price; ② Taiwan statistics on periodontal-treatment charges or distribution of National Health Insurance claims amounts; ③ clinical research on total days for a periodontal-treatment course; ④ randomized trials on the optimal interval for supportive periodontal treatment (F16 expressly records this absence); or ⑤ the content and effect of insurance reimbursement clauses (a matter of contract, on which this site provides no legal opinion)|caveat: The search was limited to English PubMed literature, Taiwan’s legal database, and public competent-authority pages; not obtaining evidence does not mean it has been disproved.
  • F4|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 efetch retrieved the abstract and checked it verbatim)|basis: clinical_guideline (S3-level clinical practice guideline, PMID 32383274, European Federation of Periodontology)|period: published 2020 (erratum in 2021); PubMed searched on 2026-08-06: this remains the current Stage I–III version; national adaptations were also found (UK BSP version PMID 33573801, Taiwan version PMID 32383274) and the Stage IV guideline (PMID 35688447); pubtype has no retraction marker|geo: universal|span: 「The S3 CPG approaches the treatment of periodontitis (stages I, II and III) using a pre-established stepwise approach to therapy that, depending on the disease stage, should be incremental, each including different interventions.」「(d) the necessary supportive periodontal care to extend benefits over time.」「synthesis of relevant research in 15 specifically commissioned systematic reviews」|caveat: This card cites only its stepwise architecture and intervention categories; it cites no recommendation strength for any individual intervention, no interval number, and no cost information; the same anchor is also used in KM-DENTAL-43.
  • F5|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 efetch checked verbatim)|basis: clinical_guideline (consensus report, PMID 34294496, Taiwan Academy of Periodontology expert consensus)|period: published 2021 (J Formos Med Assoc)|geo: TW|span: 「The treatment recommendations for the Taiwanese population were generally in parallel with the EFP CPG, and extra cautions during treatment and maintenance phases were advised due to the anatomical variations」「(e) surgical periodontal therapy; and (f) maintenance and supportive periodontal care.」|caveat: A society-level expert consensus, not a competent-authority document or meta-analysis. This card cites only three statements: “generally parallel with European guidance,” “extra attention during treatment and maintenance,” and “maintenance/supportive care is an independent topic”; it cites no individual clinical recommendation.
  • F6|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 efetch checked verbatim)|basis: peer_reviewed (2017 World Workshop classification framework, PMID 29926952; erratum in 2018)|period: published 2018|geo: universal|span: 「Stage I to IV of periodontitis is defined based on severity (primarily periodontal breakdown with reference to root length and periodontitis-associated tooth loss), complexity of management (pocket depth, infrabony defects, furcation involvement, tooth hypermobility, masticatory dysfunction) and additionally described as extent (localized or generalized).」「Grade of periodontitis is estimated with direct or indirect evidence of progression rate in three categories: slow, moderate and rapid progression (Grade A-C). Risk factor analysis is used as grade modifier.」|caveat: A case-definition and classification framework for clinical, research, and epidemiological use; not a cost-grading table. This card cites it only to show that management complexity is already written into the diagnosis.
  • F7|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 efetch checked verbatim)|basis: peer_reviewed (systematic review, PMID 31889320, one of the systematic reviews commissioned for the EFP guideline)|period: searched to 2019-03, published 2020|geo: universal|span: 「As only one RCT addressed the efficacy of subgingival instrumentation compared with supragingival cleaning alone (PICOS-1), baseline and final measures from 9 studies were considered.」「The weighted pocket depth (PD) reduction was 1.4 mm (95%CI: 1.0 1.7) at 6/8 months, and the proportion of pocket closure was estimated at 74% (95%CI: 64-85).」「Six RCTs compared hand and sonic/ultrasonic instruments for subgingival instrumentation (PICOS-2). No significant differences were observed between groups by follow-up time point or category of initial PD.」「Thirteen RCTs evaluated quadrant-wise versus full-mouth approaches (PICOS-3). No significant differences were observed between groups irrespective of time-points or initial PD. Five studies reported patient-reported outcomes, reporting no differences between groups.」|caveat: ⚠️ The 1.4 mm and 74% figures come from pre- and post-treatment measures in 9 studies, not controlled-group comparisons (the original explicitly says only 1 randomized controlled trial directly compared subgingival instrumentation with supragingival cleaning alone). Do not rewrite them as “1.4 mm more reduction than no treatment” or as any treatment-comparison claim. The figures are population-level estimates and must not be extrapolated as an individual prognosis.
  • F8|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 efetch checked verbatim)|basis: peer_reviewed (Cochrane systematic review, PMID 35763286, CD004622.pub4)|period: searched to 2021-06-17, published 2022-06-28|geo: universal|version chain: CD004622 returned 3 records (PMID 18254056 / 25884249 / 35763286); pub4 is the current version and esummary pubtype has no retraction marker|span: 「Conventional treatment is quadrant scaling and root planing (the second step of periodontal therapy), which comprises scaling and root planing of teeth in one quadrant of the mouth at a time, with the four different sessions separated by at least one week.」「We included 20 RCTs, with 944 participants, in this updated review. No studies assessed the primary outcome tooth loss.」「There is still no clear evidence that FMS or FMD approaches provide additional clinical benefit compared to conventional mechanical treatment for adult periodontitis.」「In practice, the decision to select one approach to non-surgical periodontal therapy over another should include patient preference and the convenience of the treatment schedule.」「The most important harm identified was an increase in body temperature.」|caveat: The included population was diagnosed under the 1999 classification as (chronic) periodontitis, excluding people with systemic disease, taking antibiotics, or diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis; certainty for most evidence was low or very low. “No difference was measured” does not mean “proven the same.” Increased body temperature came from 3 reports among 13 studies of prespecified adverse events.
  • F9|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 efetch checked verbatim)|basis: peer_reviewed (systematic review/meta-analysis, PMID 31970821, one of the systematic reviews commissioned for the EFP guideline)|period: published 2020|geo: universal|span: 「AFs resulted in a significantly greater PD reduction in deep pockets (>6 mm or ≥6 mm), as compared to subgingival debridement, in short-…and long-term studies」「AFs resulted in greater PD reduction in the treatment of deep and moderate pockets.」|caveat: This card only cites the conclusion for deep and moderate pockets. The paper also reports a clinical-attachment-level result for shallow pockets (1-3 or 1-4 mm; weighted mean difference -0.43 mm), whose direction requires the full text to interpret correctly; this card neither cites nor extrapolates that finding. Surgery is a clinical decision; this card gives no recommendation.
  • F10|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 efetch checked verbatim)|basis: peer_reviewed (systematic review/meta-analysis, PMID 40743404)|period: searched to 2024-12, published 2025-08|geo: universal|span: 「The management of residual periodontal pockets remains a challenge for Step 3 periodontal therapy.」「Five RCTs were included, involving 155 subjects and 4072 sites.」「No significant differences were observed between EASD and AFPS in the changes of CAL, PPD and prevalence of pocket resolution (PPD ≤ 4 mm).」|caveat: This card cites only “residual pockets are a Step 3 issue” and “no measured difference between endoscope assistance and access-flap surgery.” The paper also reports endoscope assistance superior to repeated root-surface debridement and rates overall certainty low for that comparison (moderate for the access-flap comparison). This site recommends no device or procedure.
  • F11|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 efetch checked verbatim)|basis: peer_reviewed (observational study, PMID 29078012)|period: published 2018-01 (online 2017-11)|geo: universal|span: 「The sample consisted of 218 patients with chronic periodontitis, submitted to non-surgical scaling and root planing under local anaesthesia at a public dental service in southern Brazil.」「A total of 52.3% of the patients reported mild intensity pain at some point during the 48 hr after scaling and root planing with local anaesthesia.」「Moreover, 46.8% of the subjects used analgesics at some time during the 48-hr follow-up period」「Smoking, severe periodontal inflammation and dental anxiety were identified as factors associated with pain after non-surgical scaling and root planing with local anaesthesia.」|caveat: An observational study at one Brazilian public dental service, with dental students as operators, not a randomized trial. The original says pain of “mild intensity”; do not rewrite it as “half will hurt” or “half will have severe pain.” Analgesic use and anxiety are associated; this card offers no medication advice. Figures are population-level and must not be read as individual expectations.
  • F12|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 efetch checked verbatim)|basis: peer_reviewed (systematic review/meta-analysis, PMID 28843499)|period: published 2017-11; title terms searched together with the 2018-2026 publication period on 2026-08-06, with no newer meta-analysis found to replace this paper|geo: universal|span: 「From 976 articles identified, 6 remained in the qualitative synthesis (4 at low and 2 at unclear risk of bias).」「Injected anesthetic produced lower pain intensity than did anesthetic gel (P = .03) and required less rescue anesthetic than did topical anesthetic (P < .0001). There was no difference in patient preference (P = .09).」|caveat: This compares pain during treatment, not post-treatment pain. The choice of anaesthesia is a clinical decision; this card provides no choice recommendation and names no drug or dosage.
  • F13|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 efetch checked verbatim)|basis: peer_reviewed (systematic review, PMID 12787217)|period: published 2002|geo: universal|span: 「The prevalence of root sensitivity was 9-23% before and 54-55% after periodontal therapy.」「An increase in the intensity of root sensitivity occurred 1-3 weeks following therapy, after which it decreased.」「based on the scarce evidence from only two studies, root sensitivity occurs in approximately half of the patients following subgingival scaling and root planing」|caveat: The authors state that randomized controlled trials were insufficient to fully answer the question; prevalence comes from only two studies. Same anchor as KM-DENTAL-43; its included studies and time points differ from F14, so figures cannot be interchanged.
  • F14|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 efetch checked verbatim)|basis: peer_reviewed (systematic review, PMID 23193405)|period: literature searched to 2009-12-31, published 2012|geo: universal|span: 「the reported prevalence for DH/RS (following nonsurgical therapy) was between 62.5% and 90% one day after treatment decreasing to approximately 52.6% to 55% after one week」「The prevalence of DH/RS following surgical therapy was between 76.8% and 80.4% one day after treatment subsequently decreasing over time to 36.8% after 1 week, 33.4% after 2 weeks, 29.6% after 4 weeks, and 21.7% after 8 weeks.」「Most of the studies included in this paper would tend to suggest that DH/RS may be relatively mild/moderate in nature and transient in duration.」|caveat: Only 12 studies were included and no meta-analysis was conducted; the search ended in 2009. Ranges vary substantially between studies and are population estimates, not individual expectations. Same anchor as KM-DENTAL-43.
  • F15|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 efetch checked verbatim)|basis: peer_reviewed (randomized clinical trial, PMID 17716314)|period: published 2007-09|geo: universal|span: 「Sixty psychologically and socio-demographically matched periodontitis patients were randomly divided into three groups」「the patients treated by surgery had reported that they had experienced a worse OHQoL compared with the NS and S+EMD groups」「These findings need to be confirmed in further studies with larger populations.」|caveat: Small sample (60 people), single centre, 2007; the assessment window is only one week after treatment, and the authors state that larger-population research is needed. Do not read it as “surgery is worse” or as a conclusion on superiority of any procedure.
  • F16|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 efetch checked verbatim)|basis: peer_reviewed (Cochrane systematic review, PMID 29291254, CD009376.pub2)|period: searched to 2017-05-08, published 2018-01; CD009376 search on 2026-08-06 returned only this record, and pubtype has no retraction marker|geo: universal|span: 「We included four trials involving 307 participants aged 31 to 85 years, who had been previously treated for moderate to severe chronic periodontitis.」「We did not identify any RCTs evaluating the effects of SPT versus monitoring only, or of providing SPT at different time intervals, or that compared the effects of mechanical debridement using different approaches or technologies.」「Overall, there is insufficient evidence to determine the superiority of different protocols or adjunctive strategies to improve tooth maintenance during SPT.」|caveat: This is absence of evidence, not a finding of no effect. The original says no eligible randomized trials were found; do not rewrite it as “supportive treatment is ineffective” or “intervals make no difference.” Search cutoff was 2017. Same anchor as KM-DENTAL-43.
  • F17|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 efetch checked verbatim)|basis: peer_reviewed (systematic review/meta-analysis, PMID 38317331)|period: searched to 2023-08-28, published 2024|geo: universal|span: 「From among the 1323 potentially eligible reports, 41 studies (5584 patients, 29,908 molars retained at the beginning of maintenance therapy, mean follow-up duration of 14.7 years) were included.」「The pooled survival rate of the molars during maintenance therapy was 82% (95% CI: 80%-84%).」「The average loss of molars was 0.05 per patient per year (95% CI: 0.04-0.06) among the patients receiving long-term periodontal maintenance (PM) therapy.」「Six patient-related factors (older age, lack of compliance, smoking, bruxism, diabetes and lack of private insurance) and five tooth-related factors (maxillary location, high probing pocket depth, furcation involvement, higher mobility and lack of pulpal vitality) were identified as risk factors for molar loss during maintenance therapy.」|caveat: Included longitudinal observational studies; survival rate is not success rate. The population is limited to people who received professional periodontal treatment and continued maintenance. Risk factors are associations, not causes, and “lack of private insurance” reflects the healthcare-payment setting in the included studies and must not be directly applied to Taiwan’s system. Same anchor as KM-DENTAL-39/43.
  • F18|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 efetch checked verbatim)|basis: peer_reviewed (systematic review, PMID 41114452)|period: published 2025-10-20|geo: universal|span: 「Across these, adherence to supportive care was consistently associated with improved clinical outcomes, including reduced probing depths, lower bleeding on probing, and reduced tooth or implant loss.」「Due to the heterogeneity of the data, no meta-analysis was performed.」「Adherence to SPT/SPIC was consistently associated with more favorable clinical outcomes in the included studies.」|caveat: Included 7 comparative longitudinal studies and did not conduct a meta-analysis (the authors did not pool because of heterogeneity). Definitions of adherence differed across studies, which the authors list as an issue for future research. Observational association, not causation. This is newer evidence on the same topic as F19 (2015); they are presented together, not as replacements for one another.
  • F19|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 efetch checked verbatim)|basis: peer_reviewed (systematic review/meta-analysis, PMID 25818586)|period: published 2015|geo: universal|span: 「Eight studies, which had a regular-compliance (RC) group and an erratic-compliance (EC) group with at least a 5-y follow-up period, qualified for the meta-analysis.」「The risk of tooth loss in the RC group was significantly lower than that in the EC group (pooled RRTL: 0.56 [confidence interval (CI): 0.38, 0.82]; pooled RDTL: -0.05 [CI: -0.08, -0.01])」|caveat: Definitions of adherence differed across studies; this is an observational association. It compares whether people return regularly, not an interval of a particular number of months; do not use it to support any specific interval. Same anchor as KM-DENTAL-39/43.
  • F20|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 efetch checked verbatim)|basis: clinical_guideline (S3-level clinical practice guideline, PMID 35688447, European Federation of Periodontology)|period: published 2022-06|geo: universal|span: 「Stage IV periodontitis shares the severity and complexity characteristics of stage III periodontitis, but includes the anatomical and functional sequelae of tooth and periodontal attachment loss (tooth flaring and drifting, bite collapse, etc.), which require additional interventions following completion of active periodontal therapy.」|caveat: This card cites only its Stage IV definition and the statement “additional interventions are needed after active treatment.” It cites no individual reconstruction recommendation; reconstruction cost structure is in KM-DENTAL-32.
  • F21|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 efetch checked verbatim)|basis: peer_reviewed (Cochrane systematic review, PMID 35420698, CD004714.pub4)|period: searched to 2021-09-07, published 2022-04; updated version of 2015 pub3, and pubtype has no retraction marker|geo: universal|span: 「Treatment for periodontitis involves subgingival instrumentation, which is the professional removal of plaque, calculus, and debris from below the gumline using hand or ultrasonic instruments.」「This is known variously as scaling and root planing, mechanical debridement, or non-surgical periodontal treatment.」「supragingival scaling (also known as PMPR, professional mechanical plaque removal)」|caveat: This card cites only its definition of terminology and treatment scope. It does not cite the review’s findings on glycated haemoglobin and makes no blood-glucose-control claim. Same anchor as KM-DENTAL-43.
  • F22|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 ego-browser live check; page title “Medical Care Act §21—Laws & Regulations Database of the Republic of China (Taiwan),” text checked verbatim)|basis: law (S19)|period: current text|geo: TW|verbatim: “The standards for medical institutions to charge medical fees shall be approved by municipal and county (city) competent authorities.”|caveat: Statutory quotation, not legal advice. Official English translation: https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=L0020021. [On the official page the label appears in Chinese only: 「醫療法§21-全國法規資料庫」]
  • F23|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 ego-browser live check; both statutory texts checked verbatim)|basis: law (S20)|period: current text|geo: TW|verbatim: “Medical institutions that charge medical fees shall issue receipts specifying charged items and amounts.” “Medical institutions shall not violate the fee standards or charge in excess of the standards or create unauthorized fee items.”|caveat: Statutory quotations, not legal advice. Official English translation: https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=L0020021.
  • F24|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 ego-browser live check; statutory text checked verbatim)|basis: law (S21)|period: current text|geo: TW|verbatim: “When diagnosing or treating patients, medical institutions shall inform the patient or the patient’s legal representative, spouse, relative, or related person of the condition, treatment policy, procedures, medication, prognosis, and possible adverse reactions.”|caveat: Statutory quotation, not legal advice. Official English translation: https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=L0020021.
  • F25|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 ego-browser live check; both statutory texts checked verbatim)|basis: law (S22)|period: current text|geo: TW|verbatim: “Publication of medical knowledge or research reports, patient health education, and academic publications that do not involve soliciting medical business are not considered medical advertising.”|caveat: This provision is the basis for this card’s compliance note. Official English translation: https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=L0020021.
  • F26|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 ego-browser live check; paragraph 1 checked verbatim)|basis: law (S23)|period: current text|geo: TW|verbatim: “Medical service benefit items and payment standards shall be jointly formulated by the insurer and representatives of relevant agencies, experts and scholars, insured persons, employers, and insurance medical service providers, and submitted to the competent authority for approval and promulgation.”|caveat: On this basis, this card directs coverage questions to the National Health Insurance Administration’s current notices and makes no individual coverage determination; same anchor also used in KM-DENTAL-26/43.
  • F27|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 ego-browser live check; all twelve subparagraphs retrieved and subparagraph 11 checked verbatim)|basis: law (S24)|period: current text|geo: TW|verbatim: “Dentures, artificial eyes, eyeglasses, hearing aids, wheelchairs, crutches, and other appliances not actively therapeutic.”|caveat: A statutory list is not an individual-case conclusion; this card makes no legal subsumption determination. Same anchor as KM-DENTAL-11/18/26.
  • F28 [partially pending verification]|confidence: verified (page existence and file list; 2026-08-06 ego-browser live check, page title and four-file list read verbatim)|basis: official_statement (S25)|period: live check 2026-08-06|geo: TW|The National Health Insurance Administration “National Health Insurance Medical Service Benefit Items and Payment Standards” notice page offers current payment-standard files for download. Its list includes “Payment Standard compressed file (NHI Fee Schedule)(.doc)(effective 115.07.01)” and “Medical service benefit items (from 114.08.11, CSV files can be downloaded directly from the open-data platform)”|caveat: This card did not open the payment-standard compressed file to compare periodontal-item coverage conditions line by line. Therefore “coverage conditions for each item in this topic” remain unverified, and this card makes no determination. [On the official page the label appears in Chinese only: 「全民健康保險醫療服務給付項目及支付標準」、「支付標準壓縮檔(NHI Fee Schedule)(.doc)(115.07.01生效)」、「醫療服務給付項目(114.08.11起可逕至資料開放平台下載CSV檔)」]
  • F29|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 ego-browser live check, dataset page checked verbatim; its data-resource download URL actually retrieved the CSV: HTTP 200, 1,692,784 bytes, 6,098 rows, searched row by row)|basis: official_statement (S26)|period: dataset metadata updated 2026-08-06 07:05; file updated 2026-08-06 07:00:52|geo: TW|Dataset named “Medical Service Benefit Items and Payment Standards (CSV),” provided by the Ministry of Health and Welfare National Health Insurance Administration. Main fields: “service-item code, National Health Insurance payment points, effective start date, effective end date, English item name, Chinese item name, notes”; update frequency “every 1 day.” In the CSV downloaded by this site, 28 Chinese item names contain “periodontal,” including 91021C integrated periodontal-treatment Stage 1 payment, 91022C Stage 2 payment, 91023C Stage 3 payment, 91018C periodontal supportive treatment, 91006C/91007C/91008C full-mouth/half-jaw/localized subgingival scaling (including root planing), 91009B/91010B localized/one-third-jaw periodontal flap surgery, 91001C periodontal emergency management, 91002C periodontal dressing, and 91088C referral expense for periodontitis transferred from a medical institution|caveat: This entry only records that the list contains these item names; it does not mean any individual case meets coverage conditions or establish scope or frequency limits. This card does not cite the CSV’s National Health Insurance payment points or notes. Coverage conditions always follow the National Health Insurance Administration’s current notice and the institution’s explanation. [On the official page the label appears in Chinese only: 「醫療服務給付項目及支付標準(csv檔)」]
  • F30|confidence: verified (2026-08-06 ego-browser live check, page title and attachment name checked verbatim)|basis: official_statement (S27)|period: page data updated 115-07-15; fee-standard table approved 1090117|geo: TW|Page title “Taipei City Department of Health—Fee Standards—‘Taipei City Medical Institution Dental Fee Standard Table’ (approved 1090117),” attachment “Taipei City Medical Institution Dental Fee Standard Table (approved version—1090117)” (pdf)|caveat: This card did not open that PDF for item-by-item comparison and cites no number in it. It is an institutional anchor and verification entry point for the rule that self-pay fee standards are approved by city/county authorities. For other counties/cities, check that locality’s health bureau. Same anchor as KM-DENTAL-03/11/18/26/43. [On the official page the label appears in Chinese only: 「臺北市政府衛生局-收費標準-「臺北市醫療機構牙科收費標準表」、「臺北市醫療機構牙科收費標準表(奉核版-1090117)」]
  • F31|confidence: verified (fact checked in another card, same anchor; OP live-tested and rechecked with ego-browser on 2026-08-05)|basis: official_statement (S28)|period: live test 2026-08-05|geo: TW|Neither of the two search paths at the National Health Insurance Administration “Medical Device Price Comparison Network” includes dentistry in its item categories; the full page contains no character for “tooth,” so self-pay dental items cannot be verified there|caveat: This card did not repeat the live test and uses the record in km-compliance/VERIFIED-FACTS.md; official databases may change, so state the verification date when citing it. [On the official page the label appears in Chinese only: 「醫材比價網」]
  • F32 [pending verification]|confidence: low|basis: to be supplemented (no publicly citable policy-terms sample obtained)|geo: TW|Whether commercial insurance reimburses items related to periodontal-disease treatment depends on policy terms|caveat: This site gives no reimbursement opinion (editorial policy) and states only “depends on policy terms.” This card makes no insurance statement in its main text; this entry is retained for a future, separate reimbursement card.

How to find a clinic that provides this service

This site lists no clinics and does not recommend, rate or compare any medical institution.
To find a clinic that provides this service, use the following official lookup channels yourself —
they are maintained by the competent authorities and are more current than any list:

>

- The Ministry of Health and Welfare's medical-institution lookup: search by city or county,
township and specialty (dentistry) for institutions that have completed practice registration.
The results show the institution's name, address and registered specialty. This is the first place
to confirm whether a clinic is lawfully registered.
- The National Health Insurance Administration's contracted-institution lookup: check whether a
clinic is under contract with National Health Insurance. This determines which items are covered
and which are self-paid, and therefore what kind of fee explanation you will be given.

>

Both systems are on the respective authorities' official websites; searching for the
medical-institution lookup or the contracted-institution lookup will find them. This site does not
reproduce the URLs, because they change; use whichever entry point the authority currently publishes.

>

In an emergency, do not spend time looking up lists. If your breathing, swallowing or speech is
affected, or swelling is spreading, go to the nearest emergency department.

Chinese labels to look for on the official pages

These official systems, datasets and files are published in Chinese only. The English names above are this site's renderings; on the page itself you will see the following strings, so search for these:

>

- 「醫事機構查詢」
- 「特約醫事機構查詢」
- 「特約院所查詢」

Compliance note

This article is health education information under Article 87 of Taiwan's Medical Care Act [F25]. It is not medical advertising, it does not recommend any particular institution, and it gives no amounts or price ranges. Periodontal treatment carries risks and contraindications; post-treatment pain and discomfort, root sensitivity, a short-term decline in quality of life after surgery, pockets that do not fully close and require further treatment, and disease recurrence may occur. The actual treatment and its outcome vary between individuals and must be assessed by a dentist. This card makes no determination as to whether any item is covered by National Health Insurance; coverage and charges are governed solely by the National Health Insurance Administration's current announcements and by the fee schedule approved in the city or county where you are treated. This article also gives no legal opinion on insurance claims or contract terms; such questions are governed by your own policy and contract terms.

Sources

  • S1 Sanz M, Herrera D, Kebschull M, Chapple I, Jepsen S, Beglundh T, Sculean A, Tonetti MS; EFP Workshop Participants and Methodological Consultants. Treatment of stage I-III periodontitis-The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline. J Clin Periodontol. 2020 Jul;47 Suppl 22(Suppl 22):4-60. PMID 32383274. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32383274(取用 2026-08-06,efetch 摘要逐字對得上)
  • S2 Chen JT, Wu IT, Huang RY, et al. Recommendations for treating stage I-III periodontitis in the Taiwanese population: A consensus report from the Taiwan Academy of Periodontology. J Formos Med Assoc. 2021 Dec;120(12):2072-2088. PMID 34294496. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34294496(取用 2026-08-06)
  • S3 Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Periodontol. 2018 Jun;89 Suppl 1:S159-S172. PMID 29926952. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29926952(取用 2026-08-06)
  • S4 Suvan J, Leira Y, Moreno Sancho FM, Graziani F, Derks J, Tomasi C. Subgingival instrumentation for treatment of periodontitis. A systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2020 Jul;47 Suppl 22:155-175. PMID 31889320. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31889320(取用 2026-08-06)
  • S5 Jervøe-Storm PM, Eberhard J, Needleman I, Worthington HV, Jepsen S. Full-mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Jun 28;6(6):CD004622. PMID 35763286. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35763286(取用 2026-08-06;版本鏈與撤回狀態已查,見 S18)
  • S6 Sanz-Sánchez I, Montero E, Citterio F, Romano F, Molina A, Aimetti M. Efficacy of access flap procedures compared to subgingival debridement in the treatment of periodontitis. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2020 Jul;47 Suppl 22:282-302. PMID 31970821. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31970821(取用 2026-08-06)
  • S7 Ho KD, Fok MR, Li KY, Pelekos G, Leung WK. Effectiveness of Endoscope-Assisted Subgingival Debridement Versus Repeated Root Surface Debridement or Access Flap Periodontal Surgery in Step 3 Periodontal Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2025 Aug;11(4):e70196. PMID 40743404. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40743404(取用 2026-08-06)
  • S8 Schirmer C, Dos Santos GO, Rost JF, Ferreira MBC, Weidlich P. Factors associated with pain and analgesic consumption following non-surgical periodontal therapy under local anaesthesia and carried out by dental students. J Clin Periodontol. 2018 Jan;45(1):68-77. PMID 29078012. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29078012(取用 2026-08-06)
  • S9 Wambier LM, de Geus JL, Boing TF, et al. Intrapocket topical anesthetic versus injected anesthetic for pain control during scaling and root planing in adult patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Dent Assoc. 2017 Nov;148(11):814-824.e2. PMID 28843499. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28843499(取用 2026-08-06)
  • S10 von Troil B, Needleman I, Sanz M. A systematic review of the prevalence of root sensitivity following periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol. 2002;29 Suppl 3:173-7. PMID 12787217. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12787217(取用 2026-08-06;同 KM-DENTAL-43 卡錨)
  • S11 Lin YH, Gillam DG. The Prevalence of Root Sensitivity following Periodontal Therapy: A Systematic Review. Int J Dent. 2012;2012:407023. PMID 23193405. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23193405(取用 2026-08-06;同 KM-DENTAL-43 卡錨)
  • S12 Ozcelik O, Haytac MC, Seydaoglu G. Immediate post-operative effects of different periodontal treatment modalities on oral health-related quality of life: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2007 Sep;34(9):788-96. PMID 17716314. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17716314(取用 2026-08-06)
  • S13 Manresa C, Sanz-Miralles EC, Twigg J, Bravo M. Supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) for maintaining the dentition in adults treated for periodontitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jan 1;1(1):CD009376. PMID 29291254. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29291254(取用 2026-08-06;同 KM-DENTAL-43 卡錨)
  • S14 Wang CW, Chen YW, Chen HY, et al. The survival of periodontally treated molars in long-term maintenance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2024 May;51(5):585-600. PMID 38317331. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38317331(取用 2026-08-06;同 KM-DENTAL-39/43 卡錨)
  • S15 Bush Gissler B, Kroeger A, Würfl G, Mombelli A, Sculean A, Kebschull M. Does Patient Adherence Influence the Ability of Supportive Periodontal Therapy to Maintain Stability Around Teeth and Dental Implants - A Systematic Review. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2025 Oct 20;23:615-627. PMID 41114452. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41114452(取用 2026-08-06)
  • S16 Lee CT, Huang HY, Sun TC, Karimbux N. Impact of Patient Compliance on Tooth Loss during Supportive Periodontal Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Dent Res. 2015 Jun;94(6):777-86. PMID 25818586. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25818586(取用 2026-08-06;同 KM-DENTAL-39/43 卡錨)
  • S17 Herrera D, Sanz M, Kebschull M, et al. Treatment of stage IV periodontitis: The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline. J Clin Periodontol. 2022 Jun;49 Suppl 24:4-71. PMID 35688447. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35688447(取用 2026-08-06)
  • S18 版本時效與撤回查核紀錄(2026-08-06 於 PubMed 實跑):以 `CD004622` 檢索得 3 筆(PMID 18254056 / 25884249 / 35763286),2022 年 pub4 為現行版;以 `CD009376` 檢索僅得 1 筆(PMID 29291254);以 EFP S3 指引為題檢索得 5 筆,第 I 至 III 期之現行版仍為 2020 年本篇,另有國家改編版(英國 PMID 33573801、台灣 PMID 34294496)與第 IV 期指引(PMID 35688447);以麻醉併洗牙根整平限 2018-2026 刊期檢索,未見取代 PMID 28843499 之新統合分析。上列 18 篇入卡文獻的 esummary pubtype 逐筆檢視,無 Retracted Publication、無 WITHDRAWN。另附 Cochrane 牙周炎與糖尿病回顧 CD004714.pub4(PMID 35420698,僅用於術語定義,同 KM-DENTAL-43 卡錨)。
  • S19 醫療法 第 21 條(全國法規資料庫)。law.moj.gov.tw pcode=L0020021 flno=21(2026-08-06 以 ego-browser 實載,頁面標題「醫療法§21-全國法規資料庫」,條文逐字對得上)
  • S20 醫療法 第 22 條(全國法規資料庫)。law.moj.gov.tw pcode=L0020021 flno=22(2026-08-06 以 ego-browser 實載,兩項條文逐字對得上)
  • S21 醫療法 第 81 條(全國法規資料庫)。law.moj.gov.tw pcode=L0020021 flno=81(2026-08-06 以 ego-browser 實載,條文逐字對得上)
  • S22 醫療法 第 87 條(全國法規資料庫)。law.moj.gov.tw pcode=L0020021 flno=87(2026-08-06 以 ego-browser 實載,兩項條文逐字對得上)
  • S23 全民健康保險法 第 41 條(全國法規資料庫)。law.moj.gov.tw pcode=L0060001 flno=41(2026-08-06 以 ego-browser 實載,第 1 項條文逐字對得上)
  • S24 全民健康保險法 第 51 條(全國法規資料庫)。law.moj.gov.tw pcode=L0060001 flno=51(2026-08-06 以 ego-browser 實載,十二款全文取得,第 11 款逐字對得上)
  • S25 衛生福利部中央健康保險署「全民健康保險醫療服務給付項目及支付標準」公告頁。nhi.gov.tw/ch/lp-3778-1.html(2026-08-06 以 ego-browser 實載,頁面標題與四筆檔案清單逐字讀取;本卡未開啟支付標準壓縮檔)
  • S26 政府資料開放平臺 資料集「醫療服務給付項目及支付標準(csv檔)」,提供機關衛生福利部中央健康保險署。data.gov.tw/dataset/174450(2026-08-06 以 ego-browser 實載,標題、提供機關、欄位說明與更新頻率逐字對得上;CSV 由頁面所列資料資源下載網址實際取回,HTTP 200,逐列檢索「牙周」)
  • S27 臺北市政府衛生局-收費標準:「臺北市醫療機構牙科收費標準表」(1090117核定)。health.gov.taipei 收費標準頁(2026-08-06 以 ego-browser 實載,頁面標題與附件名稱逐字對得上)
  • S28 衛生福利部中央健康保險署「醫材比價網」兩查詢軌之品項分類(跨卡已驗事實,同錨)。info.nhi.gov.tw INAE2000/INAE2010S01(2026-08-05 由 OP 以 ego-browser 實測並複驗,紀錄見 km-compliance/VERIFIED-FACTS.md;本卡未重複實測)
  • S29 內部資料:`analysis/reports/km-dental-backlog.md` 第 48 題附錄(14 診所資產 GSC 全量對帳,資料窗 2025-03 起),4 詞項、單站,逐筆可對帳。非醫學事實 basis,僅為選題依據,發布時不進可見層。
  • S30 編輯框架(無外部來源):本卡的五段拆項結構、三問分層、與同族卡的分工邊界,見 F2、F3。

Internal citation chain

  • Symptom-triage card (read this first): How can gum swelling and pain go down quickly? When should you seek care? (KM-DENTAL-05, draft). Canonical boundary between the two cards: that card covers grading during acute swelling/pain, what can and cannot be done at home, and red flags requiring immediate care; this card covers the cost components of the whole course after periodontitis is diagnosed, literature descriptions of pain, and the evidence limits on treatment length. This card provides no symptom treatment or emergency criterion.
  • Maintenance-interval canonical: How often should I have scaling? How much does scaling cost? (KM-DENTAL-43, draft). That card contains the full discussion of maintenance intervals, the difference between scaling and periodontal supportive treatment, and how to read “absence of evidence is not evidence of no effect.” The two cards share five literature anchors—F13/F14 (root sensitivity), F16 (Cochrane supportive treatment), F17 (molar survival during maintenance), F19 (adherence and tooth loss), and F21 (terminology)—and one group of institutional anchors: Article 41 of the National Health Insurance Act, the National Health Insurance Administration notice page, Taipei fee standards, and the medical-device price-comparison site. English spans and statutory quotations are verbatim consistent; this card does not rewrite an interval recommendation.
  • Post-treatment bone-change canonical: Can alveolar bone loss regenerate naturally? (KM-DENTAL-39, draft). Evidence on whether periodontal bone defects can regenerate and on regenerative surgery is in that card. The surgical section here only states the place of surgery in cost and the strength of evidence; it does not rewrite regenerative procedures.
  • Related cost cards: Can gingival recession still be treated? How much does treatment cost? (KM-DENTAL-27, draft) and How much does full-mouth reconstruction cost? (KM-DENTAL-32, draft). Stage IV periodontitis may still require additional interventions after active treatment [F20]; the cost structure for that portion is in the full-mouth-reconstruction card.
  • Added-cost device card: Is water-laser treatment worth it? Cost and disadvantages (KM-DENTAL-41, draft). Evidence and cost positioning for laser adjuncts are in that card; this card does not comment on a particular device.
Publication-gate reminder: this card is a draft. It must not be marked published while F28 (coverage conditions for each item in this topic) and F32 (commercial insurance) remain unverified; it must not enter km_entries until all four languages (zh-Hans/en/ja) exist.

FAQ

Is periodontal treatment covered by Taiwan’s National Health Insurance?
Benefit items and conditions are always governed by the National Health Insurance Administration’s current published payment standard; this card makes no determination [F26][F28]. You can check it yourself: the Administration’s payment-standard notice page provides current-file downloads [F28]; the government open-data platform also has the current benefit-item CSV supplied by the Administration, with fields including service-item code and Chinese item name and daily updates. This site verified that its list contains names for the three stages of integrated periodontal treatment, periodontal supportive treatment, and subgingival scaling, among others [F29]. **A name in the list does not mean your case meets the conditions**; ask the institution to explain under your condition and the current rules [F29]. For self-pay fee standards, return to the standard approved by the health bureau in the city/county where you receive care [F22][F30].
歯周病治療は台湾の健保で給付されますか?給付項目と条件は必ず健保署の現行告知にある支払基準による。本カードは判定しない [F26][F28]。健保署の支払基準告知ページから現行ファイルをダウンロードできる [F28]。政府オープンデータ・プラットフォームには、健保署提供の現行給付項目 CSV もあり、診療項目コードと中国語項目名を含み毎日更新される。本サイトは同一覧に歯周病統合治療の三段階、歯周病支持性治療、歯肉縁下スケーリング等の項目名が実在することを確認した [F29]。**一覧に名称があることは、あなたの事例が条件に当てはまることを意味しない。** 状態と現行規定に従って医療機関に説明を求める [F29]。自費部分の料金基準は受診県市の衛生局が認可した基準を確認する [F22][F30]。
Is periodontal treatment covered by Taiwan’s National Health Insurance?Benefit items and conditions are always governed by the National Health Insurance Administration’s current published payment standard; this card makes no determination [F26][F28]. You can check it yourself: the Administration’s payment-standard notice page provides current-file downloads [F28]; the government open-data platform also has the current benefit-item CSV supplied by the Administration, with fields including service-item code and Chinese item name and daily updates. This site verified that its list contains names for the three stages of integrated periodontal treatment, periodontal supportive treatment, and subgingival scaling, among others [F29]. **A name in the list does not mean your case meets the conditions**; ask the institution to explain under your condition and the current rules [F29]. For self-pay fee standards, return to the standard approved by the health bureau in the city/county where you receive care [F22][F30].
Will periodontal treatment hurt a lot?
Subgingival instrumentation in the literature is performed under local anaesthesia [F11], and comparison of anaesthesia methods found lower pain intensity during treatment with injected anaesthesia than with intrapocket topical anaesthesia [F12]. After treatment, one 218-person study recorded that 52.3% reported mild pain at some point in 48 hours and 46.8% used analgesics; smoking, severe periodontal inflammation, and dental anxiety were associated with post-treatment pain [F11]. In the following weeks, root sensitivity is more common: its prevalence rises after treatment, and most studies suggest it is mild to moderate and temporary [F13][F14]. The surgery group had a worse quality-of-life score one week after treatment than the non-surgical group [F15]. These are population-level figures, **not predictions for you personally**, and this site does not use any “painless” wording [F2].
歯周病治療はとても痛いですか?文献の縁下器械的処置は局所麻酔下で行われる [F11]。麻酔方法の比較では、注射麻酔は治療中の疼痛強度がポケット内表面麻酔より低かった [F12]。治療後は、218 人の研究で 52.3% が 48 時間内のどこかで軽度の痛みを報告し、46.8% が鎮痛薬を使用した。喫煙、強い歯周炎症、歯科不安は術後疼痛と関連した [F11]。その後数週により一般的なのは歯根知覚過敏で、治療後に有病割合が上がり、多くの研究で軽度から中等度・一過性とされた [F13][F14]。外科群は術後一週の QOL 評価が非外科群より低かった [F15]。これらは集団レベルの数字であり、**あなた個人への予測ではない。** 本サイトは「痛くない」とも言わない [F2]。
Will periodontal treatment hurt a lot?Subgingival instrumentation in the literature is performed under local anaesthesia [F11], and comparison of anaesthesia methods found lower pain intensity during treatment with injected anaesthesia than with intrapocket topical anaesthesia [F12]. After treatment, one 218-person study recorded that 52.3% reported mild pain at some point in 48 hours and 46.8% used analgesics; smoking, severe periodontal inflammation, and dental anxiety were associated with post-treatment pain [F11]. In the following weeks, root sensitivity is more common: its prevalence rises after treatment, and most studies suggest it is mild to moderate and temporary [F13][F14]. The surgery group had a worse quality-of-life score one week after treatment than the non-surgical group [F15]. These are population-level figures, **not predictions for you personally**, and this site does not use any “painless” wording [F2].
How long does the whole course take? Can it all be done at once?
You can ask, but there is no standard answer. Conventional care is quadrant-wise, with at least one week between four sessions; a full-mouth approach within 24 hours also exists [F8]. A 2022-updated Cochrane review of 20 randomized controlled trials and 944 people found no clear evidence that doing it all at once is better, and recommends including patient preference and scheduling convenience in the decision [F8]. Another systematic review found no measured difference between quadrant-wise and full-mouth approaches, including patient-reported outcomes [F7]. Total duration differs with Stage, treatment response, and whether Step 3 is needed [F6][F10], so this site gives no total number of days [F2].
治療全体はどのくらいかかりますか?一回で終えられますか?質問はできるが、標準回答はない。通常法は分割で、四回の間を少なくとも一週間空ける。一方で 24 時間内に全顎を行う方法もある [F8]。2022 年更新 Cochrane レビュー(無作為比較試験 20 件、944 人)は、一回完了がより良いという明確な根拠を見つけず、患者の選好と予定の利便性を決定に含めるよう勧めた [F8]。別の系統的レビューも分割と全顎の差を、患者報告結果を含めて測定しなかった [F7]。総期間は Stage、治療反応、Step 3 が必要かで異なるため [F6][F10]、本サイトは総日数を示さない [F2]。
How long does the whole course take? Can it all be done at once?You can ask, but there is no standard answer. Conventional care is quadrant-wise, with at least one week between four sessions; a full-mouth approach within 24 hours also exists [F8]. A 2022-updated Cochrane review of 20 randomized controlled trials and 944 people found no clear evidence that doing it all at once is better, and recommends including patient preference and scheduling convenience in the decision [F8]. Another systematic review found no measured difference between quadrant-wise and full-mouth approaches, including patient-reported outcomes [F7]. Total duration differs with Stage, treatment response, and whether Step 3 is needed [F6][F10], so this site gives no total number of days [F2].

Source anchors

Cite this article

km 編輯部・《How much does periodontal treatment cost? Does it hurt, and how long does it take? Read a quote by splitting treatment into five stages|證據鏈》・IDAEO 知識庫・2026-08-13・https://km.idaeo.ai/post/reports/dental-periodontal-treatment-cost-evidence

Updated 2026-08-14

更新 2026-08-14T03:45:52.270Z · server-rendered · four-language · IDAEO 知識庫